Antimycotic Azoles (all routes except local only) updated on 01-29-2025

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Congenital malformations
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
All congenital malformations (majors, minors, majors and minors, or unspecified)1.03 [0.99, 1.08]0%11 studies179,41949,549low ROB-
Major congenital malformations1.11 [0.99, 1.24]0%8 studies99,4239,544not evaluable ROB-
Congenital heart defects1.04 [0.81, 1.34]53%5 studies35,01645,382not evaluable ROB-
Cleft lip with or without cleft palate1.27 [0.80, 2.00]41%4 studies6,11145,061not evaluable ROB-
Limb defects0.99 [0.87, 1.12]0%4 studies22,51346,635not evaluable ROB-
Cleft palate0.86 [0.57, 1.29]0%3 studies3,30945,007not evaluable ROB-
Craniosynostosis0.94 [0.48, 1.82]0%3 studies2,7677,400not evaluable ROB-
Diaphragmatic hernia1.64 [0.67, 4.04]11%3 studies1,3537,401not evaluable ROB-
Tetralogy of Fallot2.18 [0.93, 5.13]68%3 studies2,27345,009not evaluable ROB-
Ventricular septal defect1.08 [0.90, 1.29]13%3 studies13,34845,008not evaluable ROB-
Ano-rectal atresia and stenosis2.27 [0.88, 5.88]0%2 studies1,28650not evaluable ROB-
Atrial septal defect1.12 [0.43, 2.87]50%2 studies7,66537,658not evaluable ROB-
Atrioventricular septal defect1.57 [0.28, 8.69]62%2 studies37237,655not evaluable ROB-
Ear malformations1.08 [0.24, 4.90]35%2 studies1445,000not evaluable ROB-
Eye defects1.01 [0.64, 1.59]0%2 studies1,56238,961not evaluable ROB-
Gastroschisis0.35 [0.07, 1.81]0%2 studies1,86746not evaluable ROB-
Genital anomalies1.31 [0.71, 2.39]68%2 studies10,04938,961not evaluable ROB-
Hypoplastic left heart (HLH/HLHS)2.21 [0.81, 6.02]0%2 studies8477,359not evaluable ROB-
Hypospadias0.66 [0.25, 1.78]2%2 studies3,33550not evaluable ROB-
Nervous system anomalies1.14 [0.93, 1.39]0%2 studies5,18338,961not evaluable ROB-
Oro-facial clefts0.84 [0.60, 1.16]0%2 studies2,12837,970not evaluable ROB-
Polydactyly1.05 [0.47, 2.38]0%2 studies6037,674not evaluable ROB-
Single ventricle1.28 [0.59, 2.80]0%2 studies17437,654not evaluable ROB-
Spina bifida2.87 [0.76, 10.88]0%2 studies1,280330not evaluable ROB-
Total anomalous pulm venous return0.75 [0.34, 1.63]0%2 studies30337,654not evaluable ROB-
Transposition of the great vessels2.56 [0.46, 14.10]75%2 studies1,53237,657not evaluable ROB-
Urinary malformations0.99 [0.68, 1.45]44%2 studies8,39238,961not evaluable ROB-
Anophthalmos/micropthalmos3.86 [0.22, 68.66]-1 study2326not evaluable ROB-
Anotia2.80 [0.34, 23.32]-1 study6917not evaluable ROB-
Aortic valve atresia/stenosis1.74 [0.10, 30.96]-1 study5136not evaluable ROB-
Arhinencephaly/holoprosencephaly5.18 [0.29, 92.23]-1 study1736not evaluable ROB-
Atresia of bile ducts4.50 [0.25, 80.11]-1 study1996not evaluable ROB-
Atresia or stenosis of other parts of small intestine1.87 [0.11, 33.31]-1 study4776not evaluable ROB-
Bilateral renal agenesis including Potter syndrome4.71 [0.26, 83.93]-1 study1906not evaluable ROB-
Bladder exstrophy and/or epispadia12.15 [0.68, 217.59]-1 study746not evaluable ROB-
Cardiac septal defects1.33 [0.84, 2.11]-1 study3,2821,313not evaluable ROB-
Choanal atresia5.39 [0.30, 96.15]-1 study1666not evaluable ROB-
Coarctation of aorta3.31 [0.67, 16.42]-1 study1,1718not evaluable ROB-
Common arterial truncus28.45 [5.69, 142.20]-1 study1388not evaluable ROB56.39 [10.86; .]
Congenital cataract5.05 [0.61, 42.05]-1 study3847not evaluable ROB-
Congenital constriction bands/amniotic band5.81 [0.70, 48.39]-1 study3347not evaluable ROB-
Congenital glaucoma4.81 [0.27, 85.75]-1 study1866not evaluable ROB-
Digestive system anomalies1.13 [0.37, 3.47]-1 study6251,313not evaluable ROB-
Double outlet right ventricle10.13 [1.21, 84.53]-1 study1927not evaluable ROB19.74 [1.72; .]
Duodenal atresia or stenosis3.77 [0.21, 67.20]-1 study2376not evaluable ROB-
Ebstein's anomaly4.97 [0.28, 88.62]-1 study1806not evaluable ROB-
Encephalocele3.94 [0.22, 70.18]-1 study2276not evaluable ROB-
Hydrocephaly3.73 [0.45, 31.08]-1 study5197not evaluable ROB-
Limb reduction defects (LRD)0.71 [0.23, 2.20]-1 study5567,352not evaluable ROB-
Microcephaly / Small head circumference for gestational age0.96 [0.06, 16.12]-1 study57216not evaluable ROB-
Neural Tube Defects1.64 [0.82, 3.30]-1 study75049not evaluable ROB-
Oesophageal atresia with or without tracheo-oesophageal fistula5.13 [1.03, 25.46]-1 study7568not evaluable ROB9.73 [1.22; .]
Omphalocele2.04 [0.11, 36.20]-1 study4396not evaluable ROB-
Patent ductus arterious0.86 [0.63, 1.18]-1 study2,29137,648not evaluable ROB-
Pulmonary artery stenosis26.34 [1.26, 548.75]-1 study27,352not evaluable ROB52.18 [1.84; .]
Pulmonary valve stenosis3.59 [0.67, 19.33]-1 study1,5569not evaluable ROB-
Respiratory system anomalies1.01 [0.84, 1.22]-1 study5,67037,648not evaluable ROB-
Situs inversus5.62 [0.68, 46.84]-1 study3457not evaluable ROB-
Syndactyly0.38 [0.10, 1.49]-1 study6817,352not evaluable ROB-
Tricuspid atresia and stenosis10.87 [1.30, 90.74]-1 study1797not evaluable ROB21.22 [1.93; .]

Growth parameters and prematurity
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Preterm (< 37 weeks)1.19 [0.78, 1.80]35%4 studies421,529not evaluable ROB-
Low birth weight (< 2500g)1.03 [0.71, 1.48]0%3 studies51,400not evaluable ROB-
Macrosomia (> 4000g)1.69 [0.63, 4.55]-1 study17152not evaluable ROB-
Small for gestational age (weight)1.34 [0.85, 2.12]-1 study8,192120not evaluable ROB-

Maternal consequences
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Caesarean--0 study-

Neonatal disorders
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Neonatal disorders (as a whole)0.80 [0.57, 1.11]0%2 studies66319not evaluable ROB-
Low Apgar score (< 7) (at 1 min)--0 study-
Low Apgar score (< 7) (at 5 min)--0 study-
Neonatal death (< 28 days of life)0.73 [0.42, 1.28]-1 study19010,640not evaluable ROB-
Persistent pulmonary hypertension--0 study-
Very low Apgar score (< 5) (at 1 min)--0 study-
Very low Apgar score (< 5) (at 5 min)--0 study-

Long term consequences
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Leukemia0.94 [0.53, 1.66]-1 study24361not evaluable ROB-

Intrauterine deaths
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Late intrauterine deaths (> 22 weeks)0.93 [0.70, 1.23]0%6 studies1,23616,677not evaluable ROB-
Early intrauterine death (< 22 weeks)2.01 [1.34, 3.00]88%5 studies30,2906,538not evaluable ROB3.43 [2.02; .]
Elective/induced termination of pregnancy4.52 [2.31, 8.84]20%3 studies80631not evaluable ROB8.51 [4.05; .]
Intrauterine deaths (as a whole or unspecified)1.75 [1.47, 2.09]-1 study54199not evaluable ROB2.90 [2.30; .]
Therapeutic terminations of pregnancy1.37 [0.64, 2.96]-1 study3860not evaluable ROB-

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