Antimycotic Azoles (all routes except local only) updated on 01-29-2025

Cleft palate

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S17739
R74992		 Zhu - Fluconazole, 2020 Cleft palate 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Fluconazole not specified or mixed dose 0.76 [0.47;1.20] 18/37,648   1,186/1,872,961 1,204 37,648
ref
S17734
R74861		 Howley - Fluconazole, 2016 Cleft palate only 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No Fluconazole not specified or mixed dose 1.19 [0.14;9.92] C 1/7   1,602/13,074 1,603 7
ref
S17735
R74918		 Molgaard-Nielsen - Fluconazole, 2013 Cleft palate alone 1st trimester population based cohort retrospective unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Fluconazole not specified or mixed dose 1.24 [0.51;3.00] 5/7,352   497/968,236 502 7,352
ref
Total 3 studies 0.86 [0.57;1.29] 3,309 45,007
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Zhu - Fluconazole, 2020Zhu - Fluconazole, 2020 0.76[0.47; 1.20]1,20437,64875%ROB confusion: lowROB selection: moderateROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Howley - Fluconazole, 2016Howley - Fluconazole, 2016 1.19[0.14; 9.92]1,60374%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Molgaard-Nielsen - Fluconazole, 2013Molgaard-Nielsen - Fluconazole, 2013 1.24[0.51; 3.00]5027,35221%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: lowROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Total (3 studies) I2 = 0% 0.86[0.57; 1.29]3,30945,0070.25.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0.85[0.56; 1.28]1,70645,0000%NAZhu - Fluconazole, 2020 Molgaard-Nielsen - Fluconazole, 2013 2 case control studiescase control studies 1.19[0.14; 9.92]1,6037 -NAHowley - Fluconazole, 2016 1 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 0.86[0.57; 1.29]3,30945,0070%NAZhu - Fluconazole, 2020 Howley - Fluconazole, 2016 Molgaard-Nielsen - Fluconazole, 2013 3 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 1.19[0.14; 9.92]1,6037 -NAHowley - Fluconazole, 2016 1   - Yes  - Yes 0.85[0.56; 1.28]1,70645,0000%NAZhu - Fluconazole, 2020 Molgaard-Nielsen - Fluconazole, 2013 2 Fluconazole not specified or mixed doseFluconazole not specified or mixed dose 0.86[0.57; 1.29]3,30945,0070%NAZhu - Fluconazole, 2020 Howley - Fluconazole, 2016 Molgaard-Nielsen - Fluconazole, 2013 3 All studiesAll studies 0.86[0.57; 1.29]3,30945,0070%NAZhu - Fluconazole, 2020 Howley - Fluconazole, 2016 Molgaard-Nielsen - Fluconazole, 2013 30.25.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 0.86[0.57; 1.29]3,30945,0070%NAZhu - Fluconazole, 2020 Howley - Fluconazole, 2016 Molgaard-Nielsen - Fluconazole, 2013 30.510.01.0