Methyldopa (versus unexposed) updated on 03-11-2025

Table   Graphic     exposition period:

Congenital malformations
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
All congenital malformations (majors, minors, majors and minors, or unspecified)1.36 [0.74, 2.52]0%2 studies101339not evaluable ROB-
Major congenital malformations1.36 [0.74, 2.52]0%2 studies101339not evaluable ROB-
Congenital heart defects1.12 [0.72, 1.72]0%2 studies873151not evaluable ROB-
Atrial septal defect1.18 [0.61, 2.27]-1 study59not evaluable ROB-
Coarctation of aorta1.26 [0.50, 3.18]-1 study48not evaluable ROB-
Pulmonary valve stenosis1.16 [0.54, 2.49]-1 studynot evaluable ROB-
Tetralogy of Fallot0.79 [0.24, 2.64]-1 study46not evaluable ROB-
Transposition of the great vessels1.16 [0.28, 4.83]-1 study45not evaluable ROB-
Ventricular septal defect1.21 [0.46, 3.21]-1 studynot evaluable ROB-
Chromosomal abnormalities1.96 [0.12, 31.52]-1 study2246not evaluable ROB-
Digestive system anomalies4.66 [1.54, 14.08]-1 study36255not evaluable ROB8.79 [2.46; .]
Ebstein's anomaly4.01 [0.88, 18.28]-1 study45not evaluable ROB-
Genital anomalies5.37 [1.78, 16.21]-1 study31455not evaluable ROB10.21 [2.96; .]
Hypospadias1.48 [0.75, 2.92]-1 study2,13142not evaluable ROB-
Limb defects1.51 [0.09, 24.62]-1 study18452not evaluable ROB-
Nervous system anomalies1.34 [0.08, 21.76]-1 study20852not evaluable ROB-
Neural Tube Defects0.50 [0.03, 8.23]-1 study1,20231not evaluable ROB-
Oro-facial clefts0.95 [0.06, 15.37]-1 study29452not evaluable ROB-

Growth parameters and prematurity
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Small for gestational age (weight)1.36 [0.87, 2.13]49%5 studies2,1432,499not evaluable ROB-
Preterm (< 37 weeks)2.28 [1.71, 3.03]91%4 studies8,9833,748not evaluable ROB3.98 [2.82; .]
Low birth weight (< 2500g)2.53 [1.19, 5.40]97%2 studies10,0851,383not evaluable ROB4.50 [1.66; .]
Very preterm (28 to 32 weeks)2.26 [1.77, 2.88]-1 study3031,760not evaluable ROB3.94 [2.93; .]

Maternal consequences
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Preeclampsia2.46 [0.57, 10.50]98%4 studies2,3482,359not evaluable ROB-
Caesarean2.11 [2.03, 2.20]0%2 studies314,029not evaluable ROB3.64 [3.47; .]
Abruptio placentae (retroplacental hematoma)8.12 [0.90, 73.05]-1 study5239not evaluable ROB-
Gestational diabetes2.23 [1.36, 3.63]-1 study76191not evaluable ROB3.88 [2.07; .]

Neonatal disorders
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Low Apgar score (< 7) (at 5 min)1.27 [0.35, 4.60]56%3 studies1,046477not evaluable ROB-
Neonatal bradycardia1.55 [0.55, 4.36]53%2 studies54248not evaluable ROB-
Neonatal disorders (as a whole)1.61 [0.97, 2.70]0%2 studies73224not evaluable ROB-
Fetal distress1.14 [0.29, 4.52]-1 study1025not evaluable ROB-
Jaundice / Icterus1.85 [0.48, 7.16]-1 study1025not evaluable ROB-
Low Apgar score (< 7) (at 1 min)1.95 [1.40, 2.71]-1 study5,833340not evaluable ROB3.31 [2.16; .]
Low Apgar score (< 7) (NOS)1.36 [1.29, 1.44]-1 study1,382not evaluable ROB2.06 [1.90; .]
Neonatal death (< 28 days of life)0.34 [0.01, 8.36]-1 study1100not evaluable ROB-
Neonatal hypoglycemia0.68 [0.19, 2.40]-1 study16199not evaluable ROB-
Neonatal medical care1.52 [0.81, 2.83]-1 study48199not evaluable ROB-
Very low Apgar score (< 5) (at 1 min)0.62 [0.19, 1.97]-1 study1388not evaluable ROB-

Intrauterine deaths
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Late intrauterine deaths (> 22 weeks) / Stillbirths0.97 [0.58, 1.62]0%4 studies902,324not evaluable ROB-
Early intrauterine deaths (< 22 weeks) / Spontaneous abortions0.74 [0.16, 3.55]48%4 studies60435not evaluable ROB-
Perinatal death1.79 [0.95, 3.37]0%4 studies1,392430not evaluable ROB-
Elective/induced termination of pregnancy0.35 [0.08, 1.44]-1 study22261not evaluable ROB-
Intrauterine deaths (as a whole or unspecified)0.10 [0.00, 2.13]-1 study313not evaluable ROB-

Neuro-developmental disorders
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Cognitive developmental disorders/delay (3-6 years old)2.75 [1.10, 6.87]-1 study25not evaluable ROB4.94 [1.43; .]
Language disorders/delay1.27 [0.52, 3.12]-1 study25not evaluable ROB-

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