Valproate (Paternal exposure) updated on 03-06-2026

Table   Graphic     exposition period:

Congenital malformations
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
All congenital malformations (majors, minors, majors and minors, or unspecified)0.83 [0.64, 1.06]0%3 studies7131,646not evaluable ROB-
Major congenital malformations0.84 [0.64, 1.10]0%2 studies6591,510not evaluable ROB-
Cardiac septal defects0.53 [0.23, 1.21]-1 study1,336not evaluable ROB-

Neuro-developmental disorders
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
ASD (Autism spectrum disorder): Diagnosis1.10 [0.89, 1.35]0%5 studies12,1406,883not evaluable ROB-
ASD (Autism spectrum disorder): Diagnosis/Risk1.10 [0.89, 1.35]0%5 studies12,1406,883not evaluable ROB-
Neuro-developmental disorders (as a whole)1.11 [0.99, 1.25]0%4 studies1,7716,496not evaluable ROB-
ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder): Diagnosis1.02 [0.87, 1.20]2%5 studies43,0316,792not evaluable ROB-
ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder): Diagnosis/Risk1.02 [0.87, 1.20]2%5 studies43,0316,792not evaluable ROB-
Language disorders/delay1.28 [1.05, 1.57]15%3 studies43,2804,331not evaluable ROB1.88 [1.27; .]
Cognitive developmental disorders/delay (> 6 years old)1.35 [0.93, 1.95]0%4 studies4,9876,488not evaluable ROB-
Severe cognitive developmental delay (Mental retardation) (> 6 years old)1.35 [0.93, 1.95]0%4 studies4,9876,488not evaluable ROB-
Learning disorders 1.08 [0.78, 1.49]0%2 studies2,5314,027not evaluable ROB-
Psychomotor developmental disorders/delay1.25 [0.92, 1.69]-1 study27,327543not evaluable ROB-
Cognitive developmental disorders/delay (3-6 years old)1.58 [0.27, 9.30]-1 study5460not evaluable ROB-
Severe cognitive developmental delay (Mental retardation) (3-6 years old)1.58 [0.27, 9.30]-1 study5460not evaluable ROB-

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