| id | Study | Lib. in paper | Exposition period | Study type |
Control type |
Tags | OR 95%CI | x1/n1 x0/n0 | no cases | no exposed | ROB | Ref. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| S18660 R80574 |
Meng_Norway (Controls exposed to LTG/LEV), 2026 | Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)/Hyperkinetic Syndrome - At least 2 diagnoses on different dates ICD-9 and ICD-10: F90.xx or 2 dispensings of ADHD medication or 1 diagnosis and 1 dispensing - Follow up: between 6 and 12 years. | Paternal exposure: genotoxic/epigenetic window (0–xxx months preconception) | population based cohort retrospective | exposed to other treatment, sick excluded | Adjustment: Yes Paternal ASMs: monotherapy |
1.28 [0.64;2.56] excluded (control group) |
14/319 26/730 | 40 | 319 |
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| S18942 R80575 |
Meng_Norway (Controls unexposed, sick), 2026 | Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)/Hyperkinetic Syndrome - At least 2 diagnoses on different dates ICD-9 and ICD-10: F90.xx or 2 dispensings of ADHD medication or 1 diagnosis and 1 dispensing - Follow up: between 6 and 12 years. | Paternal exposure: genotoxic/epigenetic window (0–xxx months preconception) | population based cohort retrospective | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: Yes Paternal ASMs: monotherapy | 1.15 [0.60;2.19] | 13/304 3,356/121,306 | 3,369 | 304 |
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| S18945 R80576 |
Meng_Taiwan (Controls exposed to LTG/LEV), 2026 | Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)/Hyperkinetic Syndrome - At least 2 diagnoses on different dates ICD-9 and ICD-10: F90.xx or 2 dispensings of ADHD medication or 1 diagnosis and 1 dispensing - Follow up: between 6 and 12 years. | Paternal exposure: genotoxic/epigenetic window (0–xxx months preconception) | population based cohort retrospective | exposed to other treatment, sick excluded | Adjustment: Yes Paternal ASMs: monotherapy |
0.93 [0.39;2.22] excluded (control group) |
62/564 9/96 | 71 | 564 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S18944 R80577 |
Meng_Taiwan (Controls unexposed, sick), 2026 | Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)/Hyperkinetic Syndrome - At least 2 diagnoses on different dates ICD-9 and ICD-10: F90.xx or 2 dispensings of ADHD medication or 1 diagnosis and 1 dispensing - Follow up: between 6 and 12 years. | Paternal exposure: genotoxic/epigenetic window (0–xxx months preconception) | population based cohort retrospective | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: Yes Paternal ASMs: monotherapy | 1.16 [0.89;1.51] | 61/543 39,101/500,498 | 39,162 | 543 |
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ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S18948 R80592 |
Razaz_Sweden, 2026 | Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) - One diagnosis ICD-10 code for ADHD: F90.0, F98.8 - Median age at the end of follow-up: 6.6 years | Paternal exposure: genotoxic/epigenetic window (0–xxx months preconception) | population based cohort retrospective | exposed to other treatment, sick | Adjustment: Yes Paternal ASMs: monotherapy | 0.97 [0.74;1.26] | 112/1,500 175/2,906 | 287 | 1,500 |
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| S18654 R79301 |
Botton, 2025 | Attention deficit hyperactivity disorders - ICD10: F90.x and/or methylphenidate prescription - Median follow up (years): 11.9 (IQR [10.3 - 13.3]) for valproate; 11.2 (IQR [9.9 - 12.8]) for control | Paternal exposure: genotoxic/epigenetic window (0–xxx months preconception) | retrospective cohort (claims database) | exposed to other treatment, sick | Adjustment: Yes Paternal ASMs: monotherapy | 1.04 [0.74;1.47] | 104/3,484 56/2,041 | 160 | 3,484 |
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ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S18646 R79302 |
Christensen (Controls exposed to LTG/LEV), 2024 | Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) - ICD-10 codes F90.0 and F98.8 - Median age [IQR] age at the end of follow-up: 10.6 [5.4-15.0] years for valproate; 5.5 [2.7-9.3] years for controls | Paternal exposure: genotoxic/epigenetic window (0–xxx months preconception) | population based cohort retrospective | exposed to other treatment, sick | Adjustment: Yes Paternal ASMs: monotherapy | 0.60 [0.33;1.12] | 26/961 27/1,401 | 53 | 961 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 5 studies | 1.02 [0.87;1.20] | 43,031 | 6,792 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1: Controls unexposed, sick; 2: Controls unexposed, sick; 3: Controls exposed to LTG/LEV;
Asymetry test p-value = 0.4034 (by Egger's regression)
slope=0.2402 (0.2371); intercept=-1.3069 (1.3467); t=0.9704; p=0.4034
excluded 18660, 18945