Valproate (Paternal exposure)

Study	Exclusion reasons	Rmk	Reference
Artama, 2006	not relevant outcome	EXCLUDED: RRa for birth rates after exposure in men, with live-birth rates apparently calculated based on the number of live births among treated men — so this reflects fertility rather than intrauterine deaths. => Not relevant outcome.	Artama Hum Reprod 2006; 21:2290-5 10.1093/humrep/del194
Olstad, 2025	data not abstractable	EXCLUDED: Numerous results presented in graphical form and two results in the text, but not usable because it is not possible to convert them into effect size ⇒ Excluded.	Olstad Sci Rep 2025; 15:39033 10.1038/s41598-025-23377-1
Yang, 2019	same data already obtained by other studies	EXCLUDED: Yang 2019 (1997-2008 - DK databases) totally included in Christensen 2024 (1997-2017 - DK databases), with higher number of exposures and a more relevant control group (unexposed, sick) in Christensen 2024 => Use of Christensen 2024.	Yang Eur J Epidemiol 2019; 34:651-660 10.1007/s10654-019-00509-2
Colas_Denmark, 2025	same data already obtained by other studies	EXCLUDED: DK databases used in Colas 2025 (1997-2018) and Christensen 2024 (1997-2017), with a higher number of exposures, more studied control groups (n=4, including sibling) and same level of confusion ROB in Christensen 2024 => Use of Christensen 2024.	Colas JAMA Netw Open 2025; 8:e2542581 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.42581 IQVIA PASS Study report 2023 V1.1
Colas_Sweden, 2025	same data already obtained by other studies	EXCLUDED: Overlapping between Colas 2025 (1997-2019), Tomson 2020 (1997-2016) and Razaz 2026 (2007-2020) => use of the data with a higher number of exposures and better ROB confusion, i.e Razaz 2026 for ASD, ADHD, IQ and Tomson 2020 for All Malfo.	Colas JAMA Netw Open 2025; 8:e2542581 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.42581 Colas, S. Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. 2024; 33:1-. 10.1002/pds.5891 IQVIA PASS Study report 2023 V1.1
Casale, 2021	Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class	EXCLUDED: Antiseizure medications (ASM) considered as a whole, without distinction between substances.	Casale Epilepsy Behav 2021; 114:107562 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107562
Shapiro, 1976	Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class	EXCLUDED: Offsprings of epileptic fathers considered as a whole, without distinction between treatments (or not).	Shapiro Lancet 1976; 1:272-5 10.1016/s0140-6736(76)91403-3
Engeland, 2013	Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class	EXCLUDED: Valproate analysed as within a list of 20 drugs requiring special attention (but not separately as diazepam, SSRIs, isotretinoin, ...) or within anti-epileptics as a whole (N03).	Engeland Br J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 75:1134-41 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04426.x
Veiby, 2013	Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class	EXCLUDED: Antiepileptic drug use by father within 6 months to conception analysed as a whole, without distinction between substances.	Veiby Epilepsia 2013; 54:1462-72 10.1111/epi.12226
Veiby, 2013	Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class	EXCLUDED: Analysis of children of fathers with epilepsy, without distinction between treatments and/or no treatment.	Veiby JAMA Neurol 2013; 70:1367-74 10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.4290
Meador, 2014	Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class	EXCLUDED: Information related to children of fathers with epilepsy, without distinction between treatments and/or no treatment.	Meador JAMA 2014; 311:1797-8 10.1001/jama.2014.967
Engeland, 2008	pattern of exposure	EXCLUDED: Only data on prescriptions, without data on fetal/child outcomes.	Engeland Br J Clin Pharmacol 2008; 65:653-60 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2008.03102.x