Topiramate (Epilepsy)

Table   Graphic     exposition period:

Congenital malformations
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
All congenital malformations (majors, minors, majors and minors, or unspecified)2.06 [1.34, 3.17]0%9 studies229323not evaluable ROB3.54 [2.01; .]
Major congenital malformations2.06 [1.34, 3.17]0%9 studies229323not evaluable ROB3.54 [2.01; .]
Congenital heart defects2.75 [0.99, 7.59]0%4 studies32233not evaluable ROB-
Limb defects3.56 [0.59, 21.68]0%3 studies581not evaluable ROB-
Neural Tube Defects5.56 [0.78, 39.78]0%3 studies2224not evaluable ROB-
Digestive system anomalies6.26 [0.69, 56.84]0%2 studies437not evaluable ROB-
Urinary malformations1.68 [0.22, 13.11]0%2 studies14161not evaluable ROB-
Hypospadias3.30 [0.73, 14.97]0%2 studies14180not evaluable ROB-
Nervous system anomalies39.94 [0.75, 2134.65]-1 study9not evaluable ROB-
Oro-facial clefts7.95 [0.83, 76.53]19%2 studies5180not evaluable ROB-
Spina bifida12.67 [0.64, 249.11]-1 study343not evaluable ROB-
Cleft lip with or without cleft palate3.37 [0.07, 172.23]-1 study44not evaluable ROB-
Polydactyly16.59 [0.33, 839.05]-1 study152not evaluable ROB-

Growth parameters and prematurity
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Small for gestational age (weight)1.79 [1.19, 2.72]62%3 studies41,644611not evaluable ROB2.99 [1.66; .]
Preterm (< 37 weeks)0.75 [0.49, 1.16]0%2 studies160,5982not evaluable ROB-

Maternal consequences
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Abruptio placentae (retroplacental hematoma)0.82 [0.21, 3.18]-1 study20,260not evaluable ROB-
Preeclampsia1.23 [0.63, 2.41]-1 study53,625not evaluable ROB-

Long term consequences
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Emotional disorders0.92 [0.43, 1.97]48%2 studies466317not evaluable ROB-
Behavioral disorders0.84 [0.36, 1.94]-1 study27not evaluable ROB-

Intrauterine deaths
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
Intrauterine deaths (as a whole or unspecified)9.39 [2.18, 40.53]7%4 studies1470not evaluable ROB18.26 [3.77; .]
Late intrauterine deaths (> 22 weeks)15.37 [0.63, 376.77]0%2 studies3not evaluable ROB-
Early intrauterine death (< 22 weeks)8.47 [0.57, 125.19]0%2 studies34not evaluable ROB-

Neuro-developmental disorders
Adverse outcome OR 95%CII2k No. casesNo. exposedpublication biasROBE-value
ASD (Autism spectrum disorder): Diagnosis/Risk2.00 [1.02, 3.91]0%3 studies359297not evaluable ROB3.41 [1.18; .]
Language disorders/delay1.76 [0.63, 4.86]0%3 studies4336not evaluable ROB-
ASD (Autism spectrum disorder): Risk2.65 [0.36, 19.38]0%2 studies287not evaluable ROB-
Neuro-developmental disorders (as a whole)2.15 [1.15, 4.01]0%2 studies455248not evaluable ROB3.72 [1.57; .]
ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder): Diagnosis/Risk1.64 [0.71, 3.81]66%2 studies544317not evaluable ROB-
ASD (Autism spectrum disorder): Diagnosis2.02 [1.00, 4.08]0%2 studies331291not evaluable ROB-
Cognitive developmental disorders/delay (> 6 years old)2.22 [1.00, 4.91]0%2 studies195317not evaluable ROB-
ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder): Diagnosis2.38 [1.40, 4.05]-1 study544290not evaluable ROB4.19 [2.14; .]
Severe cognitive developmental delay (Mental retardation) (> 6 years old)2.23 [0.90, 5.51]-1 study189290not evaluable ROB-
ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder): Risk1.00 [0.43, 2.32]-1 study27not evaluable ROB-

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