Azoles (local routes only)

Table   Graphic  
individual studies
OutcomeTE95% CIn casesn exposedkPub. bias Congenital malformations All congenital malformations (majors, minors, majors and minors, or unspecified) Rosa - Clotrimazole, 1987 Czeizel - Clotrimazole, 1999 Jick - Azole (Topical route), 1999 Rotem - Clotrimazole (Vaginal), 2018 Zhu - Azoles (Local routes), 2020 Araujo - Sertaconazole (Topical), 2022 61.05[1.01; 1.09]95,49486,412not evaluable Congenital heart defects Czeizel - Clotrimazole, 1999 Jick - Azole (Topical route), 1999 Carter - Clotrimazole, 2008 Rotem - Clotrimazole (Vaginal), 2018 Zhu - Azoles (Local routes), 2020 51.06[0.99; 1.14]25,92385,124not evaluable Cleft lip with or without cleft palate Czeizel - Clotrimazole, 1999 Carter - Clotrimazole, 2008 Rotem - Clotrimazole (Vaginal), 2018 Zhu - Azoles (Local routes), 2020 40.94[0.68; 1.28]3,00084,606not evaluable Major congenital malformations Jick - Azole (Topical route), 1999 Czeizel - Clotrimazole, 1999 Rotem - Clotrimazole (Vaginal), 2018 Araujo - Sertaconazole (Topical), 2022 41.02[0.92; 1.13]24,4573,236not evaluable Limb defects Jick - Azole (Topical route), 1999 Rotem - Clotrimazole (Vaginal), 2018 Zhu - Azoles (Local routes), 2020 31.06[0.96; 1.17]9,70184,575not evaluable Ano-rectal atresia and stenosis Kazy b - Metronidazole (Vaginal), 2005 Carter - Clotrimazole, 2008 22.04[0.38; 10.88]429106not evaluable Cleft palate Czeizel - Clotrimazole, 1999 Zhu - Azoles (Local routes), 2020 20.88[0.65; 1.19]1,64382,590not evaluable Ear malformations Czeizel - Clotrimazole, 1999 Zhu - Azoles (Local routes), 2020 21.29[0.88; 1.88]78682,590not evaluable Gastroschisis Czeizel - Clotrimazole, 1999 Carter - Clotrimazole, 2008 21.40[0.22; 8.96]658508not evaluable Genital anomalies Czeizel - Clotrimazole, 1999 Zhu - Azoles (Local routes), 2020 21.06[0.95; 1.18]7,76582,590not evaluable Hypospadias Czeizel - Clotrimazole, 1999 Carter - Clotrimazole, 2008 21.04[0.66; 1.64]3,171541not evaluable Nervous system anomalies Rotem - Clotrimazole (Vaginal), 2018 Zhu - Azoles (Local routes), 2020 21.04[0.89; 1.20]4,57284,083not evaluable Neural Tube Defects Medveczky - Clotrimazole, 2004 Carter - Clotrimazole, 2008 20.92[0.48; 1.78]1,952254not evaluable Oro-facial clefts Jick - Azole (Topical route), 1999 Zhu - Azoles (Local routes), 2020 20.91[0.73; 1.13]2,29382,582not evaluable Polydactyly Jick - Azole (Topical route), 1999 Czeizel - Clotrimazole, 1999 21.21[0.61; 2.38]1,3781,010not evaluable Atrial septal defect Zhu - Azoles (Local routes), 2020 10.99[0.85; 1.17]3,69082,090not evaluable Atrioventricular septal defect Zhu - Azoles (Local routes), 2020 11.33[0.89; 1.98]45682,090not evaluable Bilateral renal agenesis including Potter syndrome Czeizel - Clotrimazole, 1999 10.60[0.04; 9.66]54498not evaluable Club foot / Talipes equinovarus Czeizel - Clotrimazole, 1999 11.14[0.68; 1.92]2,009530not evaluable Craniosynostosis Carter - Clotrimazole, 2008 13.06[0.63; 14.78]4479not evaluable Diaphragmatic hernia Carter - Clotrimazole, 2008 11.33[0.07; 23.69]2757not evaluable Digestive system anomalies Rotem - Clotrimazole (Vaginal), 2018 11.30[0.64; 2.63]3071,993not evaluable Eye defects Zhu - Azoles (Local routes), 2020 11.07[0.77; 1.50]80282,090not evaluable Hydrocephaly Czeizel - Clotrimazole, 1999 11.67[0.27; 10.30]284503not evaluable Limb reduction defects (LRD) Czeizel - Clotrimazole, 1999 11.03[0.36; 2.97]448507not evaluable Microcephaly / Small head circumference for gestational age Abdel-Salam - Clotrimazole, 2000 10.30[0.11; 0.85]10945not evaluable Oesophageal atresia with or without tracheo-oesophageal fistula Kazy b - Metronidazole (Vaginal), 2005 17.00[0.72; 68.48]217102not evaluable Patent ductus arterious Zhu - Azoles (Local routes), 2020 11.11[0.89; 1.37]1,86282,090not evaluable Respiratory system anomalies Zhu - Azoles (Local routes), 2020 11.08[0.93; 1.24]4,39982,090not evaluable Spina bifida Jick - Azole (Topical route), 1999 10.66[0.03; 13.81]2492not evaluable Tetralogy of Fallot Zhu - Azoles (Local routes), 2020 11.43[1.04; 1.96]69682,090not evaluable Total anomalous pulm venous return Zhu - Azoles (Local routes), 2020 10.93[0.55; 1.55]38582,090not evaluable Transposition of the great vessels Zhu - Azoles (Local routes), 2020 10.80[0.53; 1.19]74382,090not evaluable Urinary malformations Zhu - Azoles (Local routes), 2020 11.08[0.95; 1.23]5,32482,090not evaluable Ventricular septal defect Zhu - Azoles (Local routes), 2020 11.10[0.99; 1.22]7,88682,090not evaluable Growth parameters and prematurity Preterm (< 37 weeks) Araujo - Sertaconazole (Topical), 2022 11.06[0.96; 1.18]-16,222not evaluable Small for gestational age (weight) Araujo - Sertaconazole (Topical), 2022 10.78[0.66; 0.92]-16,222not evaluable Neonatal disorders Persistent pulmonary hypertension 0----- Long term consequences Leukemia Ross - Clotrimazole, 2003 10.94[0.39; 2.25]24324not evaluable Intrauterine deaths Early intrauterine death (< 22 weeks) Molgaard-Nielsen - Clotrimazole/miconazole (Vaginal) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2016 Daniel - Clotrimazole and/or miconazole (Vaginal), 2018 21.06[0.94; 1.20]7,1846,069not evaluable Late intrauterine deaths (> 22 weeks) Molgaard-Nielsen - Clotrimazole/miconazole (Vaginal) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2016 11.43[0.89; 2.30]994,301not evaluable0.0100.01.0

- About - Master protocol - Browse exposition - RSS - Made with in Lyon - Contact us - Privacy policy - Licence Creative Commons