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Nitrazepam (Psy and mixed indications)
updated on 02-10-2025
Overall results
Study description
Excluded studies
Table
Graphic
exposition period:
auto
during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)
1st trimester
2nd trimester
3rd trimester
2nd and/or 3rd trimester
throughout pregnancy
early pregnancy
days before delivery
late pregnancy
preconception-only
periconceptional
preconceptional for kinetic reason
at least 1st trimester
3 months (or more) before pregnancy or during pregnancy
1st and 2nd trimester
3 months or more before pregnancy or1st trimester
Whatever the period exposition
Congenital malformations
Adverse outcome
OR 95%CI
I2
k
No. cases
No. exposed
publication bias
ROB
E-value
All congenital malformations (majors, minors, majors and minors, or unspecified)
0.23
[
0.03
, 1.66]
-
1 study
49,500
134
not evaluable
ROB
-
Cleft lip with or without cleft palate
5.02
[
0.24
, 104.70]
-
1 study
630
2
not evaluable
ROB
-
Cleft palate
0.33
[
0.01
, 8.19]
-
1 study
179
1
not evaluable
ROB
-
Major congenital malformations
0.23
[
0.03
, 1.66]
-
1 study
49,500
134
not evaluable
ROB
-
Ano-rectal atresia and stenosis
-
-
0 study
-
Atresia or stenosis of other parts of small intestine
-
-
0 study
-
Bilateral renal agenesis including Potter syndrome
-
-
0 study
-
Club foot / Talipes equinovarus
-
-
0 study
-
Congenital heart defects
-
-
0 study
-
Ear malformations
-
-
0 study
-
Eye defects
-
-
0 study
-
Gastroschisis
-
-
0 study
-
Genital anomalies
-
-
0 study
-
Hydrocephaly
-
-
0 study
-
Hypospadias
-
-
0 study
-
Limb reduction defects (LRD)
-
-
0 study
-
Microcephaly / Small head circumference for gestational age
-
-
0 study
-
Neural Tube Defects
-
-
0 study
-
Oesophageal atresia with or without tracheo-oesophageal fistula
-
-
0 study
-
Polydactyly
-
-
0 study
-
Intrauterine deaths
Adverse outcome
OR 95%CI
I2
k
No. cases
No. exposed
publication bias
ROB
E-value
Early intrauterine deaths (< 22 weeks) / Spontaneous abortions
1.65
[
0.07
, 40.48]
-
1 study
27,149
1
not evaluable
ROB
-
Hide endpoints reported in only one study ...
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absolute risk increase extrapolation
Relative risk
Spontaneous risk
/100
/1,000
/10,000
/100,000
absolute risk increase