Clotrimazole

Table   Graphic  
individual studies
OutcomeTE95% CIn casesn exposedkPub. bias Congenital malformations All congenital malformations (majors, minors, majors and minors, or unspecified) Rosa, 1987 Czeizel, 1999 Rotem, 2018 31.04[0.93; 1.17]30,9903,830not evaluable Cleft lip with or without cleft palate Czeizel, 1999 Carter, 2008 Rotem, 2018 30.86[0.48; 1.55]2,2882,516not evaluable Congenital heart defects Czeizel, 1999 Carter, 2008 Rotem, 2018 30.94[0.73; 1.20]8,9652,542not evaluable Gastroschisis Czeizel, 1999 Carter, 2008 21.40[0.22; 8.96]658508not evaluable Hypospadias Czeizel, 1999 Carter, 2008 21.04[0.66; 1.64]3,171541not evaluable Major congenital malformations Czeizel, 1999 Rotem, 2018 21.03[0.88; 1.20]24,4262,744not evaluable Neural Tube Defects Medveczky, 2004 Carter, 2008 20.92[0.48; 1.78]1,952254not evaluable Ano-rectal atresia and stenosis Carter, 2008 13.27[0.40; 26.73]2098not evaluable Bilateral renal agenesis including Potter syndrome Czeizel, 1999 10.60[0.04; 9.66]54498not evaluable Cleft palate Czeizel, 1999 10.52[0.09; 2.93]506500not evaluable Club foot / Talipes equinovarus Czeizel, 1999 11.14[0.68; 1.92]2,009530not evaluable Craniosynostosis Carter, 2008 13.06[0.63; 14.78]4479not evaluable Diaphragmatic hernia Carter, 2008 11.33[0.07; 23.69]2757not evaluable Digestive system anomalies Rotem, 2018 11.30[0.64; 2.63]3071,993not evaluable Ear malformations Czeizel, 1999 11.12[0.16; 7.98]282500not evaluable Genital anomalies Czeizel, 1999 10.98[0.12; 7.98]84500not evaluable Hydrocephaly Czeizel, 1999 11.67[0.27; 10.30]284503not evaluable Limb defects Rotem, 2018 11.04[0.73; 1.49]1,4581,993not evaluable Limb reduction defects (LRD) Czeizel, 1999 11.03[0.36; 2.97]448507not evaluable Microcephaly / Small head circumference for gestational age Abdel-Salam, 2000 10.30[0.11; 0.85]10945not evaluable Nervous system anomalies Rotem, 2018 11.11[0.69; 1.78]8071,993not evaluable Oesophageal atresia with or without tracheo-oesophageal fistula Vermes, 2015 15.60[0.55; 56.88]2214not evaluable Polydactyly Czeizel, 1999 11.29[0.63; 2.64]1,372518not evaluable Long term consequences Leukemia Ross, 2003 10.94[0.39; 2.25]24324not evaluable Intrauterine deaths Early intrauterine death (< 22 weeks) Daniel, 2018 11.05[0.89; 1.24]6,4612,712not evaluable0.0100.01.0

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