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Metronidazole (local route only)
Overall results
Study description
Excluded studies
Table
Graphic
auto
during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)
1st trimester
2nd trimester
3rd trimester
2nd and/or 3rd trimester
throughout pregnancy
early pregnancy
days before delivery
late pregnancy
preconception-only
periconceptional
preconceptional for kinetic reason
at least 1st trimester
3 months (or more) before pregnancy or during pregnancy
1st and 2nd trimester
3 months or more before pregnancy or1st trimester
Whatever the period exposition
individual studies
Outcome
TE
95% CI
n cases
n exposed
k
Pub. bias
Congenital malformations
All congenital malformations (majors, minors, majors and minors, or unspecified)
Kazy - Metronidazole, 2005
1
1.10
[
0.80
; 1.51]
22,843
168
not evaluable
Ano-rectal atresia and stenosis
Kazy - Metronidazole, 2005
1
0.88
[
0.05
; 14.30]
220
98
not evaluable
Cleft lip with or without cleft palate
Kazy - Metronidazole, 2005
1
2.20
[
0.60
; 8.08]
1,374
104
not evaluable
Cleft palate
Kazy - Metronidazole, 2005
1
0.34
[
0.02
; 5.40]
582
98
not evaluable
Club foot / Talipes equinovarus
Kazy - Metronidazole, 2005
1
1.60
[
0.50
; 5.16]
2,424
104
not evaluable
Congenital heart defects
Kazy - Metronidazole, 2005
1
1.00
[
0.48
; 2.10]
4,479
110
not evaluable
Ear malformations
Kazy - Metronidazole, 2005
1
0.55
[
0.03
; 8.88]
354
98
not evaluable
Gastroschisis
Kazy - Metronidazole, 2005
1
0.82
[
0.05
; 13.21]
238
98
not evaluable
Hydrocephaly
Kazy - Metronidazole, 2005
1
10.70
[
1.10
; 104.29]
314
103
not evaluable
Hypospadias
Kazy - Metronidazole, 2005
1
0.70
[
0.31
; 1.57]
3,038
108
not evaluable
Limb reduction defects (LRD)
Kazy - Metronidazole, 2005
1
1.20
[
0.18
; 8.14]
548
100
not evaluable
Major congenital malformations
Kazy - Metronidazole, 2005
1
1.10
[
0.80
; 1.51]
22,843
168
not evaluable
Neural Tube Defects
Kazy - Metronidazole, 2005
1
0.30
[
0.08
; 1.20]
1,202
100
not evaluable
Oesophageal atresia with or without tracheo-oesophageal fistula
Kazy - Metronidazole, 2005
1
7.00
[
0.72
; 68.48]
217
102
not evaluable
Polydactyly
Kazy - Metronidazole, 2005
1
0.60
[
0.18
; 1.99]
1,744
101
not evaluable
Bilateral renal agenesis including Potter syndrome
Kazy - Metronidazole, 2005
1
1.87
[
0.12
; 30.27]
104
98
not evaluable
Microcephaly / Small head circumference for gestational age
Kazy - Metronidazole, 2005
1
1.30
[
0.18
; 9.42]
109
390
not evaluable
0.0
100.0
1.0