Diazepam

Table   Graphic  
individual studies
OutcomeTE95% CIn casesn exposedkPub. bias Congenital malformations Congenital heart defects Rothman, 1979 Tikkanen, 1992 Czeizel, 2003 Källén, 2013 Ban (Other indications) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 Tinker, 2019 Noh, 2022 71.15[1.03; 1.29]101,84920,029not evaluable Cleft lip with or without cleft palate Safra, 1975 Aarskog, 1975 Rosenberg, 1983 Czeizel, 1987 Czeizel, 2003 Tinker, 2019 61.58[0.92; 2.71]5,678146not evaluable Cleft palate Safra, 1975 Aarskog, 1975 Rosenberg, 1983 Czeizel, 1987 Czeizel, 2003 Tinker, 2019 60.96[0.50; 1.83]2,552103not evaluable All congenital malformations (majors, minors, majors and minors, or unspecified) Bracken, 1981 Czeizel, 2003 Källén, 2013 Ban (Other indications) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 Noh, 2022 51.18[0.99; 1.41]232,32120,008not evaluable Major congenital malformations Bracken, 1981 Czeizel, 2003 Källén, 2013 Ban (Other indications) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 Noh, 2022 51.18[0.99; 1.41]232,32120,008not evaluable Oro-facial clefts Aarskog, 1975 Shiono, 1984 Ban (Other indications) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 31.65[0.28; 9.92]1782,024not evaluable Ano-rectal atresia and stenosis Safra, 1975 Czeizel, 2003 Tinker, 2019 31.33[0.19; 9.43]1,30134not evaluable Eye defects Czeizel, 2003 Ban (Other indications) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 20.87[0.16; 4.71]1161,159not evaluable Neural Tube Defects Safra, 1975 Czeizel, 2003 Tinker, 2019 30.65[0.20; 2.16]3,35435not evaluable Oesophageal atresia with or without tracheo-oesophageal fistula Safra, 1975 Czeizel, 2003 Tinker, 2019 31.67[0.60; 4.63]97635not evaluable Abdominal wall defects Ban (Other indications) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 11.84[0.10; 34.20]41,159not evaluable Atresia or stenosis of other parts of small intestine Safra, 1975 Czeizel, 2003 21.08[0.41; 2.88]15916not evaluable Chromosomal abnormalities Ban (Other indications) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 10.52[0.07; 3.79]331,159not evaluable Diaphragmatic hernia Safra, 1975 Tinker, 2019 21.30[0.35; 4.77]87736not evaluable Digestive system anomalies Ban (Other indications) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 10.47[0.03; 7.87]171,159not evaluable Ear, face and neck anomalies Ban (Other indications) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 11.10[0.06; 19.34]71,159not evaluable Gastroschisis Czeizel, 2003 Tinker, 2019 20.77[0.29; 2.04]1,62919not evaluable Genital anomalies Ban (Other indications) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 10.57[0.12; 2.65]881,159not evaluable Hydrocephaly Czeizel, 2003 Tinker, 2019 21.37[0.55; 3.39]82419not evaluable Limb defects Ban (Other indications) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 11.42[0.47; 4.30]831,159not evaluable Limb reduction defects (LRD) Safra, 1975 Czeizel, 2003 22.46[0.86; 7.03]58716not evaluable Nervous system anomalies Ban (Other indications) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 10.53[0.07; 3.91]321,159not evaluable Omphalocele Safra, 1975 Tinker, 2019 21.00[0.19; 5.17]45135not evaluable Respiratory system anomalies Ban (Other indications) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 10.61[0.04; 10.32]131,159not evaluable Urinary malformations Ban (Other indications) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 11.66[0.72; 3.85]661,159not evaluable Ventricular septal defect Tikkanen, 1991 Tinker, 2019 20.81[0.24; 2.79]1,79829not evaluable Anophthalmos/micropthalmos Tinker, 2019 11.43[0.09; 23.81]23018not evaluable Anotia Tinker, 2019 10.94[0.12; 7.02]68519not evaluable Aortic valve atresia/stenosis Tinker, 2019 10.64[0.04; 10.73]51018not evaluable Atrial septal defect Tinker, 2019 10.80[0.28; 2.31]3,02522not evaluable Atrioventricular septal defect Tinker, 2019 13.49[0.81; 15.08]36920not evaluable Cardiac septal defects Tinker, 2019 10.70[0.28; 1.76]4,67323not evaluable Club foot / Talipes equinovarus Czeizel, 2003 11.00[0.66; 1.51]2,420-not evaluable Coarctation of aorta Tinker, 2019 10.56[0.07; 4.16]1,15319not evaluable Craniosynostosis Tinker, 2019 10.41[0.05; 3.04]1,57919not evaluable Down syndrom / Trisomy 21 Safra, 1975 10.61[0.13; 2.75]5216not evaluable Ear malformations Czeizel, 2003 10.60[0.19; 1.85]351-not evaluable Hypospadias Czeizel, 2003 10.90[0.59; 1.37]3,033-not evaluable Microcephaly / Small head circumference for gestational age Czeizel, 2003 1----- Polydactyly Czeizel, 2003 11.10[0.64; 1.91]1,730-not evaluable Pulmonary valve stenosis Tinker, 2019 11.20[0.37; 3.84]1,53221not evaluable Spina bifida Tinker, 2019 10.26[0.02; 4.41]1,24118not evaluable Tetralogy of Fallot Tinker, 2019 11.07[0.25; 4.62]1,19620not evaluable Transposition of the great vessels Tinker, 2019 11.68[0.39; 7.24]76520not evaluable Growth parameters and prematurity Preterm (< 37 weeks) Meng a (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 11.13[1.07; 1.20]228,89113,534not evaluable Small for gestational age (weight) Meng a (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 11.25[1.18; 1.33]272,10911,021not evaluable Intrauterine deaths Early intrauterine deaths (< 22 weeks) / Spontaneous abortions Sheehy, 2019 Meng b, 2023 22.11[1.11; 4.02]27,14927not evaluable Late intrauterine deaths (> 22 weeks) / Stillbirths Meng a (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 11.46[1.26; 1.69]26,60313,726not evaluable0.050.01.0

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