Study | Country Study period Study design |
Data source | Exposure definition | Non-exposure definition | Exposition period | Sample size (exposed/unexposed) Or (case / control) |
Remarks | Risk of bias |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Albertini 2023 |
Canada 2012 - 2021 retrospective cohort |
The tertiary Pregnancy and Heart Disease Program at the University of Toronto, Canada. | Babies born to mothers with long QT syndrome who had taken Nadolol during pregnancy. |
unexposed, sick
Babies born to mothers with long QT syndrome who had not taken beta-blockers during pregnancy. |
during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | 5 / 7 | ||
Maternal clinical history including medications was collected (no other details). | ||||||||
Delteil 2024 |
France 2004 - 2021 retrospective cohort (claims database) |
EFEMERIS (Évaluation chez la Femme Enceinte des MÉdicaments et de leurs RISques) database, and the Registre des Handicaps de l'Enfant en Haute-Garonne (RHE31), Haute-Garonne, France. | Pregnancies with at least one dispensed prescription of Nadolol during pregnancy (between last menstrual period and delivery). |
unexposed (general population or NOS)
Pregnancies without dispensed prescription of beta-blockers and other anti-hypertensive agents during pregnancy. |
at least 1st trimester | 14 / 172284 | When available, data in women with chronic pathology (hypertension or cardiac), treated at least during the 1st trimester were preferred to all indications (including gestational hypertension, ...). Exposure at least T1 considered as chronic indications. | |
Women's drug exposure during pregnancy was estimated on the basis of dispensed prescription drugs recorded by the French Assurance Maladie. |
Study | Country Study period Study design |
Data source | Case | Control | Exposition | Exposition period | Sample size (exposed/unexposed) Or (case / control) |
Remarks | Risk of bias |
---|
Risk of bias: : NA; : low; : moderate; : serious; : critical; : unclear;