Citalopram

Study Reference
Alwan, 2007

Alwan Use of selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors in pregnancy and the risk of birth defects. N Engl J Med 2007; 356:2684-92

Ames, 2021

Ames Maternal Psychiatric Conditions, Treatment With Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, and Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 90:253-262

Andersen, 2014

Andersen Exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in early pregnancy and the risk of miscarriage. Obstet Gynecol 2014; 124:655-661

Kjaersgaard Prenatal antidepressant exposure and risk of spontaneous abortion - a population-based study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72095

Anderson, 2020

Alwan Use of selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors in pregnancy and the risk of birth defects. N Engl J Med 2007; 356:2684-92

Anderson Maternal Use of Specific Antidepressant Medications During Early Pregnancy and the Risk of Selected Birth Defects. JAMA Psychiatry 2020; 77(12):1246-1255.

Nembhard Maternal and infant genetic variants, maternal periconceptional use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and risk of congenital heart defects in offspring: population based study. BMJ 2017; 356:j832

Ban (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2014

Ban L Maternal depression, antidepressant prescriptions, and congenital anomaly risk in offspring: a population-based cohort study. BJOG 2014;121:1471-81

Ban (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014

Ban L Maternal depression, antidepressant prescriptions, and congenital anomaly risk in offspring: a population-based cohort study. BJOG 2014;121:1471-81

Bérard, 2017

Bérard Antidepressant use during pregnancy and the risk of major congenital malformations in a cohort of depressed pregnant women: an updated analysis of the Quebec Pregnancy Cohort. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e013372

Bérard, 2016

Bérard Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and autism: additional data on the Quebec Pregnancy/Birth Cohort. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 215:803-805

Brown, 2017

Brown HK Association Between Serotonergic Antidepressant Use During Pregnancy and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children. JAMA 2017;317:1544-1552

Chan (Controls exposed to TCA), 2024

Chan Prenatal antidepressant use and risk of congenital malformations: A population-based cohort study. Psychiatry Res 2024; 339:116038

Chan (Controls unexposed, pop general), 2024

Chan Prenatal antidepressant use and risk of congenital malformations: A population-based cohort study. Psychiatry Res 2024; 339:116038

Colvin, 2011

Colvin L Dispensing patterns and pregnancy outcomes for women dispensed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in pregnancy. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 2011;91:142-52

Colvin, 2012

Colvin Early morbidity and mortality following in utero exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: a population-based study in Western Australia. CNS Drugs 2012; 26:e1-14

Cornet, 2024

Cornet Maternal treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors during pregnancy and delayed neonatal adaptation: a population-based cohort study. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2024; 109:294-300

Dandjinou, 2019

Dandjinou Antidepressant use during pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a nested case-control study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e025908

Dave, 2019

Dave Prevalence of Maternal-Risk Factors Related to Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome in a Commercial Claims Database: 2011-2015. Pharmacotherapy 2019; 39:1005-1011

De Jonge, 2013

de Jonge Identifying associations between maternal medication use and birth defects using a case-population approach: an exploratory study on signal detection. Drug Saf 2013; 36:1069-78

De Vera, 2012

De Vera Antidepressant use during pregnancy and the risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2012; 74:362-9

Dubnov-Raz, 2008

Dubnov-Raz Antenatal use of selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors and QT interval prolongation in newborns. Pediatrics 2008; 122:e710-5

Einarson, 2009

Einarson A Incidence of major malformations in infants following antidepressant exposure in pregnancy: results of a large prospective cohort study. Can J Psychiatry 2009;54:242-6

Furu, 2015

Furu K Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and venlafaxine in early pregnancy and risk of birth defects: population based cohort study and sibling design. BMJ 2015;350:h1798

Kornum JB Use of selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors during early pregnancy and risk of congenital malformations: updated analysis. Clin Epidemiol 2010;2:29-36

Given, 2017

Given Gastroschisis in Europe - A Case-malformed-Control Study of Medication and Maternal Illness during Pregnancy as Risk Factors. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2017; 31:549-559

Heikkinen, 2002

Heikkinen Citalopram in pregnancy and lactation. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2002; 72:184-91

Heuvelman, 2023

Heuvelman Antidepressants in pregnancy: applying causal epidemiological methods to understand service-use outcomes in women and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes in exposed children. Health Technol Assess 2023; 27:1-83

Jimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2012

Jimenez-Solem E Exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and the risk of congenital malformations: a nationwide cohort study. BMJ Open 2012;2:

Jimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012

Jimenez-Solem E Exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and the risk of congenital malformations: a nationwide cohort study. BMJ Open 2012;2:

Jordan, 2016

Jordan S Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) Antidepressants in Pregnancy and Congenital Anomalies: Analysis of Linked Databases in Wales, Norway and Funen, Denmark. PLoS One 2016;11:e0165122

Knudsen Increased risk of severe congenital heart defects in offspring exposed to selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors in early pregnancy--an epidemiological study using validated EUROCAT data. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2014; 14:333

Kieler, 2012

Kieler H Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors during pregnancy and risk of persistent pulmonary hypertension in the newborn: population based cohort study from the five Nordic countries. BMJ 2012;344:d8012

Kitchin, 2022

Kitchin The role of prenatal exposure to antidepressants, anxiolytic, and hypnotics and its underlying illness on the risk of miscarriage using BIFAP database. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2022; :

Kivistö, 2016

Kivisto Maternal Use of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Lengthening of the Umbilical Cord: Indirect Evidence of Increased Foetal Activity-A Retrospective Cohort Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154628

Kolding (Controls unexposed, disease free) , 2021

Kolding Antidepressant use in pregnancy and severe cardiac malformations: Danish register-based study. BJOG 2021; 128:1949-1957

Kolding (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021

Kolding Antidepressant use in pregnancy and severe cardiac malformations: Danish register-based study. BJOG 2021; 128:1949-1957

Laspro, 2024

Laspro Association of Commonly Prescribed Antepartum Medications and Incidence of Orofacial Clefting. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2024; :10556656241237679

Lee (Controls exposed to TCAs), 2025

Lee Antidepressant use during pregnancy and risk of obstetrics and neonatal outcomes: A propensity score-weighted population-based cohort study in 2003-2018. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2025; 96:36-45

Lee (Controls unexposed, general pop), 2025

Lee Antidepressant use during pregnancy and risk of obstetrics and neonatal outcomes: A propensity score-weighted population-based cohort study in 2003-2018. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2025; 96:36-45

Levinson-Castiel, 2006

Levinson-Castiel Neonatal abstinence syndrome after in utero exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in term infants. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2006; 160:173-6

Liu, 2017

Liu Antidepressant use during pregnancy and psychiatric disorders in offspring: Danish nationwide register based cohort study. BMJ 2017; 358:j3668

Louik, 2007

Louik First-trimester use of selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors and the risk of birth defects. N. Engl. J. Med. 2007; 356:2675-83

Malm, 2011

Malm H Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and risk for major congenital anomalies. Obstet Gynecol 2011;118:111-20

Marks (Controls exposed to Bupropion), 2021

Marks Comparing newborn outcomes after prenatal exposure to individual antidepressants: A retrospective cohort study. Pharmacotherapy 2021; 41:907-914

Marks (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021

Marks Comparing newborn outcomes after prenatal exposure to individual antidepressants: A retrospective cohort study. Pharmacotherapy 2021; 41:907-914

Martin, 2024

Martin Antidepressant use during pregnancy and birth outcomes: analysis of electronic health data from the UK, Norway, and Sweden. medRxiv 2024; :

Merlob, 2009

Merlob P Are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors cardiac teratogens? Echocardiographic screening of newborns with persistent heart murmur. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 2009;85:837-41

Nakhai-Pour, 2010

Nakhai-Pour Use of antidepressants during pregnancy and the risk of spontaneous abortion. CMAJ 2010; 182:1031-7

Nordeng - Citalopram/Escitalopram (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2012

Nordeng H Pregnancy outcome after exposure to antidepressants and the role of maternal depression: results from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2012;32:186-94

Nordeng - Citalopram/Escitalopram (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012

Nordeng H Pregnancy outcome after exposure to antidepressants and the role of maternal depression: results from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2012;32:186-94

Oberlander a, 2008

Oberlander TF Major congenital malformations following prenatal exposure to serotonin reuptake inhibitors and benzodiazepines using population-based health data. Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol 2008;83:68-76

Olstad - (Es)citalopram (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2023

Olstad Effects of prenatal exposure to (es)citalopram and maternal depression during pregnancy on DNA methylation and child neurodevelopment. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:149

Olstad - (Es)citalopram (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023

Olstad Effects of prenatal exposure to (es)citalopram and maternal depression during pregnancy on DNA methylation and child neurodevelopment. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:149

Ozturk, 2016

Ozturk, Z. Safety of psychotropic medications in pregnancy: An observational cohort study Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bulteni 2016; 26:229-.

Palmsten (Controls exposed to TCA), 2013

Palmsten Antidepressant use and risk for preeclampsia. Epidemiology 2013; 24:682-91

Palmsten (Controls unexposed, sick), 2013

Palmsten Antidepressant use and risk for preeclampsia. Epidemiology 2013; 24:682-91

Palmsten b, 2013

Palmsten Use of antidepressants near delivery and risk of postpartum hemorrhage: cohort study of low income women in the United States. BMJ 2013; 347:f4877

Rai (Controls exposed to TCA), 2017

Rai Antidepressants during pregnancy and autism in offspring: population based cohort study. BMJ 2017; 358:j2811

Rai Parental depression, maternal antidepressant use during pregnancy, and risk of autism spectrum disorders: population based case-control study. BMJ 2013; 346:f2059

Rai (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2017

Rai Antidepressants during pregnancy and autism in offspring: population based cohort study. BMJ 2017; 358:j2811

Rai (Controls unexposed, sick), 2017

Rai Antidepressants during pregnancy and autism in offspring: population based cohort study. BMJ 2017; 358:j2811

Reis (Controls exposed to TCA), 2010

Källen Antidepressant drugs during pregnancy and infant congenital heart defect. Reprod Toxicol 2006; 21:221-2

Reis Delivery outcome after maternal use of antidepressant drugs in pregnancy: an update using Swedish data. Psychol Med 2010; 40:1723-33

Reis (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2010

Kallen Maternal use of selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors in early pregnancy and infant congenital malformations. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 2007; 79:301-8

Källen Antidepressant drugs during pregnancy and infant congenital heart defect. Reprod Toxicol 2006; 21:221-2

Reis Delivery outcome after maternal use of antidepressant drugs in pregnancy: an update using Swedish data. Psychol Med 2010; 40:1723-33

Sivojelezova (Control exposed to other SSRI), 2005

Sivojelezova A Citalopram use in pregnancy: prospective comparative evaluation of pregnancy and fetal outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005;193:2004-9

Sivojelezova (Control unexposed, NOS), 2005

Sivojelezova A Citalopram use in pregnancy: prospective comparative evaluation of pregnancy and fetal outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005;193:2004-9

Sjaarda (Citalopram/Escitalopram), 2020

Sjaarda Urinary selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors across critical windows of pregnancy establishment: a prospective cohort study of fecundability and pregnancy loss. Fertil Steril 2020; 114:1278-1287

Stephansson, 2013

Stephansson Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors during pregnancy and risk of stillbirth and infant mortality.,Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors during pregnancy and risk of stillbirth and infant mortality. JAMA 2013; 309:48-54

Suarez (Controls unexposed, discontinuers), 2022

Suarez Association of Antidepressant Use During Pregnancy With Risk of Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Children. JAMA Intern Med 2022; 182:1149-60

Suarez (Controls unexposed, general pop), 2022

Suarez Association of Antidepressant Use During Pregnancy With Risk of Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Children. JAMA Intern Med 2022; 182:1149-60

Viktorin (citalopram or escitalopram) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2017

Viktorin Autism risk following antidepressant medication during pregnancy. Psychol Med 2017; 47:2787-2796

Viktorin (citalopram or escitalopram) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2017

Viktorin Autism risk following antidepressant medication during pregnancy. Psychol Med 2017; 47:2787-2796

Wemakor, 2015

Wemakor A Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant use in first trimester pregnancy and risk of specific congenital anomalies: a European register-based study. Eur J Epidemiol 2015;30:1187-98

Yaris, 2005

Yaris Psychotropic drugs in pregnancy: a case-control study. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry 2005; 29:333-8

Yazdy, 2014

Yazdy Use of selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors during pregnancy and the risk of clubfoot. Epidemiology 2014; 25:859-65