Estazolam

Study	Country Study period	Population source	Exposure definition	Non-exposure definition	Sample size	Rmk
Meng a (Controls unexposed, sibling), 2023	Taiwan 2004 - 2018	All singleton pregnancies of females aged 15–50 years who gave birth during the study period.	Sibling with at least one Estazolam prescription received by the mother during early pregnancy (the first 20 weeks of pregnancy).	sibling Discordant matched sibling without benzodiazepine or Z-hypnotic prescriptions from 30 days before the date of the estimated last menstrual period to the end of the 20th week of pregnancy.	-9 / -9	Number of exposures not provided (authors provided number of Exposure discordant pairs and number of Case discordant pairs).
Meng a (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023	Taiwan 2004 - 2018	All singleton pregnancies of females aged 15–50 years who gave birth during the study period.	At least one Estazolam prescription received by a mother during early pregnancy (the first 20 weeks of pregnancy).	unexposed, sick Pregnant women with no benzodiazepine or Z-hypnotic prescriptions from 30 days before the date of the estimated last menstrual period to the end of the 20th week of pregnancy.	3732 / 2754239	Use of results obtained with PS-FSW because more exposures, with a sick control group and sensitivity analyses (sibling control study, and paternal negative control design) that obtained similar results.

Study	Country Study period	Case	Control	Sample size	Rmk