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Furosemide (versus unexposed)
Overall results
Study description
Excluded studies
Table
Graphic
auto
during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)
1st trimester
2nd trimester
3rd trimester
2nd and/or 3rd trimester
throughout pregnancy
early pregnancy
days before delivery
late pregnancy
preconception-only
periconceptional
preconceptional for kinetic reason
at least 1st trimester
3 months (or more) before pregnancy or during pregnancy
1st and 2nd trimester
3 months or more before pregnancy or1st trimester
Whatever the period exposition
individual studies
Outcome
TE
95% CI
n cases
n exposed
k
Pub. bias
Congenital malformations
All congenital malformations (majors, minors, majors and minors, or unspecified)
Czeizel, 1999
1
1.60
[
0.79
; 3.25]
22,865
29
not evaluable
Ano-rectal atresia and stenosis
Czeizel, 1999
1
5.96
[
0.35
; 100.29]
220
15
not evaluable
Cleft lip with or without cleft palate
Czeizel, 1999
1
1.90
[
0.23
; 15.95]
1,368
16
not evaluable
Club foot / Talipes equinovarus
Czeizel, 1999
1
2.20
[
0.50
; 9.74]
2,419
17
not evaluable
Congenital heart defects
Czeizel, 1999
1
1.20
[
0.29
; 5.04]
4,466
17
not evaluable
Ear malformations
Czeizel, 1999
1
3.74
[
0.22
; 62.84]
351
15
not evaluable
Hydrocephaly
Czeizel, 1999
1
4.22
[
0.25
; 70.93]
311
15
not evaluable
Hypospadias
Czeizel, 1999
1
1.80
[
0.40
; 8.05]
3,032
17
not evaluable
Limb reduction defects (LRD)
Czeizel, 1999
1
4.40
[
0.59
; 32.88]
545
16
not evaluable
Major congenital malformations
Czeizel, 1999
1
1.60
[
0.79
; 3.25]
22,865
29
not evaluable
Neural Tube Defects
Czeizel, 1999
1
2.00
[
0.28
; 14.33]
1,191
16
not evaluable
Oesophageal atresia with or without tracheo-oesophageal fistula
Czeizel, 1999
1
22.80
[
5.18
; 100.43]
229
17
not evaluable
Polydactyly
Czeizel, 1999
1
1.70
[
0.21
; 13.49]
1,730
16
not evaluable
0.2
100.0
1.0