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Bupropion (Smoking cessation indication)
Overall results
Study description
Excluded studies
Table
Graphic
auto
during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)
1st trimester
2nd trimester
3rd trimester
2nd and/or 3rd trimester
throughout pregnancy
early pregnancy
days before delivery
late pregnancy
preconception-only
periconceptional
preconceptional for kinetic reason
at least 1st trimester
3 months (or more) before pregnancy or during pregnancy
1st and 2nd trimester
3 months or more before pregnancy or1st trimester
Paternal exp. genotoxic window only (0–3 months preconception)
Paternal exposure: epigenetic window only (3–xxx months preconception)
Paternal exposure: genotoxic/epigenetic window (0–xxx months preconception)
Paternal exposure: other window
Whatever the period exposition
individual studies
Outcome
TE
95% CI
n cases
n exposed
k
Pub. bias
Congenital malformations
Abdominal wall defects
Tran, 2025
1
1.24
[
0.16
; 9.59]
-
749
not evaluable
All congenital malformations (majors, minors, majors and minors, or unspecified)
Tran, 2025
1
0.93
[
0.67
; 1.29]
437
1,042
not evaluable
Annular pancreas
Tran, 2025
1
9.90
[
0.20
; 499.28]
-
749
not evaluable
Aortic valve atresia/stenosis
Tran, 2025
1
9.90
[
0.20
; 499.28]
-
749
not evaluable
Arhinencephaly/holoprosencephaly
Tran, 2025
1
9.90
[
0.20
; 499.28]
-
749
not evaluable
Atrial septal defect
Tran, 2025
1
0.43
[
0.11
; 1.65]
40
749
not evaluable
Atrioventricular septal defect
Tran, 2025
1
1.10
[
0.06
; 20.44]
4
749
not evaluable
Bilateral renal agenesis including Potter syndrome
Tran, 2025
1
9.90
[
0.20
; 499.28]
-
749
not evaluable
Bladder exstrophy and/or epispadia
Tran, 2025
1
9.90
[
0.20
; 499.28]
-
749
not evaluable
Cleft lip with or without cleft palate
Tran, 2025
1
1.10
[
0.06
; 20.44]
4
749
not evaluable
Cleft palate
Tran, 2025
1
0.52
[
0.03
; 8.95]
9
749
not evaluable
Club foot / Talipes equinovarus
Tran, 2025
1
0.49
[
0.06
; 3.83]
11
749
not evaluable
Coarctation of aorta
Tran, 2025
1
0.90
[
0.05
; 16.28]
5
749
not evaluable
Common arterial truncus
Tran, 2025
1
9.90
[
0.20
; 499.28]
-
749
not evaluable
Congenital heart defects
Tran, 2025
1
0.55
[
0.21
; 1.43]
91
749
not evaluable
Congenital hydronephrosis
Tran, 2025
1
0.47
[
0.03
; 8.04]
10
749
not evaluable
Diaphragmatic hernia
Tran, 2025
1
1.10
[
0.06
; 20.44]
4
749
not evaluable
Digestive system anomalies
Tran, 2025
1
0.22
[
0.01
; 3.62]
22
749
not evaluable
Duodenal atresia or stenosis
Tran, 2025
1
9.90
[
0.20
; 499.28]
-
749
not evaluable
Ear malformations
Tran, 2025
1
9.90
[
0.20
; 499.28]
-
749
not evaluable
Ebstein's anomaly
Tran, 2025
1
9.90
[
0.20
; 499.28]
-
749
not evaluable
Encephalocele
Tran, 2025
1
9.90
[
0.20
; 499.28]
-
749
not evaluable
Eye defects
Tran, 2025
1
4.96
[
0.46
; 53.36]
-
749
not evaluable
Genital anomalies
Tran, 2025
1
1.38
[
0.66
; 2.89]
60
749
not evaluable
Hypospadias
Tran, 2025
1
1.18
[
0.42
; 3.32]
30
749
not evaluable
Limb defects
Tran, 2025
1
0.86
[
0.34
; 2.18]
63
749
not evaluable
Major congenital malformations
Tran, 2025
1
0.93
[
0.67
; 1.29]
437
1,042
not evaluable
Microcephaly / Small head circumference for gestational age
Tran, 2025
1
1.41
[
0.07
; 27.39]
3
749
not evaluable
Nervous system anomalies
Tran, 2025
1
0.47
[
0.03
; 8.04]
10
749
not evaluable
Oesophageal atresia with or without tracheo-oesophageal fistula
Tran, 2025
1
9.90
[
0.20
; 499.28]
-
749
not evaluable
Oro-facial clefts
Tran, 2025
1
0.40
[
0.02
; 6.68]
12
749
not evaluable
Patent ductus arterious
Tran, 2025
1
0.32
[
0.02
; 5.33]
15
749
not evaluable
Polydactyly
Tran, 2025
1
0.77
[
0.11
; 5.49]
4
749
not evaluable
Posterior urethral valve and/or prune belly
Tran, 2025
1
9.90
[
0.20
; 499.28]
-
749
not evaluable
Respiratory system anomalies
Tran, 2025
1
1.10
[
0.26
; 4.66]
9
749
not evaluable
Single ventricle
Tran, 2025
1
9.90
[
0.20
; 499.28]
-
749
not evaluable
Transposition of the great vessels
Tran, 2025
1
1.10
[
0.06
; 20.44]
4
749
not evaluable
Urinary malformations
Tran, 2025
1
1.27
[
0.53
; 3.06]
39
749
not evaluable
Ventricular septal defect
Tran, 2025
1
1.79
[
0.62
; 5.16]
26
749
not evaluable
Growth parameters and prematurity
Preterm (< 37 weeks)
Bérard (Controls unexposed, sick), 2016 Tran (Controls unexposed, sick), 2020
2
0.31
[
0.06
; 1.52]
446
304
not evaluable
Small for gestational age (weight)
Bérard (Controls unexposed, sick), 2016 Tran (Controls unexposed, sick), 2020
2
0.91
[
0.65
; 1.27]
568
304
not evaluable
Very preterm (28 to 32 weeks)
Nanovskaya, 2017
1
1.16
[
0.07
; 19.52]
2
26
not evaluable
Maternal consequences
Caesarean
Tran (Controls unexposed, sick), 2020
1
1.15
[
0.78
; 1.70]
323
232
not evaluable
Maternal consequences (as a whole)
Tran (Controls unexposed, sick), 2020
1
0.95
[
0.37
; 2.43]
54
232
not evaluable
Neonatal disorders
Neonatal medical care
Nanovskaya, 2017 Tran (Controls unexposed, sick), 2020
2
0.88
[
0.60
; 1.27]
361
259
not evaluable
Neonatal disorders (as a whole)
Tran (Controls unexposed, sick), 2020
1
0.87
[
0.50
; 1.52]
172
232
not evaluable
Low Apgar score (< 7) (at 5 min)
Kranzler, 2021
1
0.18
[
0.01
; 3.91]
2
61
not evaluable
0.0
100.0
1.0
