Escitalopram

Table   Graphic  
individual studies
OutcomeTE95% CIn casesn exposedkPub. bias Congenital malformations All congenital malformations (majors, minors, majors and minors, or unspecified) Källén, 2007 Einarson, 2009 Klieger-Grossmann, 2012 Nordeng - Citalopram/Escitalopram (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012 Ban (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 Furu, 2015 Ozturk, 2016 Anderson, 2020 Chan (Controls unexposed, pop general), 2024 90.95[0.80; 1.12]166,4545,605not evaluable Major congenital malformations Einarson, 2009 Klieger-Grossmann, 2012 Nordeng - Citalopram/Escitalopram (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012 Ban (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 Furu, 2015 Ozturk, 2016 Anderson, 2020 Chan (Controls unexposed, pop general), 2024 80.92[0.78; 1.09]125,1815,533not evaluable Congenital heart defects Merlob, 2009 Nordeng - Citalopram/Escitalopram (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012 Ban (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 Wemakor, 2015 Furu, 2015 Anderson, 2020 Chan (Controls unexposed, pop general), 2024 71.00[0.78; 1.28]48,9715,202not evaluable Limb defects Malm, 2011 Jimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012 Ban (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 Anderson, 2020 41.05[0.50; 2.23]771,667not evaluable Atrial septal defect Malm, 2011 Jimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012 Wemakor, 2015 Anderson, 2020 41.15[0.43; 3.03]3,977748not evaluable Ventricular septal defect Malm, 2011 Jimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012 Wemakor, 2015 Anderson, 2020 41.01[0.56; 1.84]11,649745not evaluable Digestive system anomalies Jimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012 Ban (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2014 Wemakor, 2015 31.09[0.32; 3.75]3,0531,237not evaluable Genital anomalies Jimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012 Ban (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 20.81[0.18; 3.75]611,226not evaluable Oro-facial clefts Ban (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2014 Anderson, 2020 20.73[0.38; 1.41]438933not evaluable Cardiac septal defects Furu, 2015 Wemakor, 2015 Anderson, 2020 30.88[0.63; 1.23]25,6623,966not evaluable Cleft lip with or without cleft palate Anderson, 2020 10.75[0.33; 1.70]--not evaluable Cleft palate Anderson, 2020 10.80[0.28; 2.27]--not evaluable Respiratory system anomalies Jimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2012 Ban (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2014 Wemakor, 2015 31.58[0.39; 6.40]1,1881,235not evaluable Urinary malformations Jimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2012 Ban (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2014 20.36[0.05; 2.58]3,1481,226not evaluable Abdominal wall defects Ban (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2014 12.51[0.16; 40.55]69933not evaluable Atrioventricular septal defect Jimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2012 Wemakor, 2015 26.46[1.27; 32.75]290302not evaluable Club foot / Talipes equinovarus Yazdy, 2014 Wemakor, 2015 23.25[1.56; 6.77]2,61433not evaluable Coarctation of aorta Wemakor, 2015 Anderson, 2020 21.41[0.58; 3.45]5709not evaluable Craniosynostosis Wemakor, 2015 Anderson, 2020 21.74[0.85; 3.56]3079not evaluable Ear, face and neck anomalies Ban (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2014 Wemakor, 2015 22.37[0.45; 12.47]829943not evaluable Eye defects Ban (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2014 Wemakor, 2015 22.72[0.63; 11.72]1,132943not evaluable Gastroschisis Wemakor, 2015 Anderson, 2020 21.91[0.63; 5.79]41310not evaluable Hypoplastic left heart (HLH/HLHS) Wemakor, 2015 Anderson, 2020 22.20[0.83; 5.86]3989not evaluable Hypospadias Wemakor, 2015 Anderson, 2020 20.81[0.39; 1.66]3,04111not evaluable Nervous system anomalies Jimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2012 Ban (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2014 22.35[0.59; 9.41]4561,226not evaluable Neural Tube Defects Wemakor, 2015 Anderson, 2020 21.30[0.61; 2.79]1,32210not evaluable Pulmonary valve stenosis Wemakor, 2015 Anderson, 2020 21.31[0.57; 3.01]7729not evaluable Spina bifida Anderson, 2020 11.44[0.56; 3.70]--not evaluable Tetralogy of Fallot Wemakor, 2015 Anderson, 2020 22.18[0.92; 5.19]42810not evaluable Transposition of the great vessels Malm, 2011 Wemakor, 2015 23.05[0.58; 16.03]853451not evaluable Ano-rectal atresia and stenosis Wemakor, 2015 16.02[0.73; 49.63]39210not evaluable Aortic valve atresia/stenosis 0----- Chromosomal abnormalities Ban (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2014 10.32[0.02; 5.06]551933not evaluable Congenital hydronephrosis 0----- Diaphragmatic hernia 0----- Ebstein's anomaly Wemakor, 2015 134.19[4.09; 285.92]9310not evaluable Encephalocele 0----- Hip dislocation and/or dysplasia 0----- Hirschsprung's disease 0----- Hydrocephaly 0----- Limb reduction defects (LRD) Wemakor, 2015 12.42[0.31; 19.15]78410not evaluable Multicystic renal dysplasia Wemakor, 2015 11.62[0.09; 28.17]6189not evaluable Omphalocele 0----- Patent ductus arterious 0----- Polydactyly 0----- Pulmonary valve atresia 0----- Severe congenital heart defect Wemakor, 2015 11.65[0.35; 7.79]2,93511not evaluable Syndactyly 0----- Growth parameters and prematurity Preterm (< 37 weeks) Klieger-Grossmann, 2012 Ozturk, 2016 Marks (Controls exposed to Bupropion), 2021 Martin, 2024 Lee (Controls unexposed, general pop), 2025 51.15[1.00; 1.33]149,69816,260not evaluable Low birth weight (< 2500g) Klieger-Grossmann, 2012 Lee (Controls unexposed, general pop), 2025 22.75[1.01; 7.49]31,379243not evaluable Small for gestational age (weight) Martin, 2024 Lee (Controls unexposed, general pop), 2025 21.00[0.94; 1.06]237,53513,836not evaluable Large for gestational age (weight) Lee (Controls unexposed, general pop), 2025 11.67[0.52; 5.35]9,74771not evaluable Maternal consequences Postpartum hemorrhage Palmsten b, 2013 Lee (Controls unexposed, general pop), 2025 21.51[1.14; 2.01]21,6971,093not evaluable Assisted deliveries (forceps, vacuum, ...) Lee (Controls unexposed, general pop), 2025 11.01[0.46; 2.21]46,04371not evaluable Caesarean Lee (Controls unexposed, general pop), 2025 11.39[0.86; 2.24]111,66871not evaluable Maternal consequences (as a whole) Lee (Controls unexposed, general pop), 2025 12.38[1.14; 4.97]311,15671not evaluable Preeclampsia Palmsten (Controls unexposed, sick), 2013 11.14[0.96; 1.36]3,3401,936not evaluable Neonatal disorders Neonatal medical care Klieger-Grossmann, 2012 Marks (Controls exposed to Bupropion), 2021 Cornet, 2024 Lee (Controls unexposed, general pop), 2025 41.88[0.95; 3.72]20,9251,206not evaluable Low Apgar score (< 7) (at 5 min) Marks (Controls exposed to Bupropion), 2021 Martin, 2024 Lee (Controls unexposed, general pop), 2025 31.33[0.74; 2.38]33,27615,558not evaluable Neonatal death (< 28 days of life) Lee (Controls unexposed, general pop), 2025 15.23[0.32; 84.55]62771not evaluable Withdrawal syndrome / Neonatal abstinence syndrome / Poor neonatal adaptation Dave, 2019 Marks (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021 25.91[3.06; 11.41]6593,648not evaluable Low Apgar score (< 7) (at 1 min) Lee (Controls unexposed, general pop), 2025 10.67[0.16; 2.77]14,88571not evaluable Neonatal disorders (as a whole) Lee (Controls unexposed, general pop), 2025 12.46[1.49; 4.05]161,45371not evaluable Persistent pulmonary hypertension Kieler, 2012 Marks (Controls exposed to Bupropion), 2021 21.73[0.34; 8.82]1,9381,138not evaluable Jaundice / Icterus Marks (Controls exposed to Bupropion), 2021 11.00[0.70; 1.42]153581not evaluable Neonatal tachypnea Marks (Controls exposed to Bupropion), 2021 11.60[1.05; 2.43]111581not evaluable Long term consequences Child/Infant death (> 28 days of life) Colvin, 2012 Lee (Controls unexposed, general pop), 2025 24.82[0.41; 56.76]1,19371not evaluable Intrauterine deaths Early intrauterine deaths (< 22 weeks) / Spontaneous abortions Yaris, 2005 Klieger-Grossmann, 2012 Andersen, 2014 Ozturk, 2016 Kitchin, 2022 51.25[1.04; 1.50]157,3472,859not evaluable Late intrauterine deaths (> 22 weeks) / Stillbirths Klieger-Grossmann, 2012 Colvin, 2012 21.01[0.27; 3.79]608213not evaluable Elective/induced termination of pregnancy Ozturk, 2016 11.75[0.48; 6.41]1735not evaluable Therapeutic terminations of pregnancy Klieger-Grossmann, 2012 16.12[0.73; 51.24]7213not evaluable Neuro-developmental disorders ASD (Autism spectrum disorder): Diagnosis Viktorin - Citalopram or escitalopram (Controls unexposed, sick), 2017 Heuvelman, 2023 21.27[0.83; 1.93]101,185not evaluable ASD (Autism spectrum disorder): Diagnosis/Risk Viktorin - Citalopram or escitalopram (Controls unexposed, sick), 2017 Heuvelman, 2023 21.27[0.83; 1.93]101,185not evaluable ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder): Diagnosis Heuvelman, 2023 11.11[0.52; 2.37]-546not evaluable ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder): Diagnosis/Risk Heuvelman, 2023 11.11[0.52; 2.37]-546not evaluable Cognitive developmental disorders/delay (3-6 years old) 0-----0.0100.01.0

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