Tenofovir (all routes except local)

Table   Graphic  
individual studies
OutcomeTE95% CIn casesn exposedkPub. bias Congenital malformations All congenital malformations (majors, minors, majors and minors, or unspecified) Watts, 2004 Brogly, 2010 Gibb, 2012 Knapp, 2012 Floridia, 2013 Sibiude, 2014 Prieto (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 Phiri, 2014 Mugo, 2014 Williams, 2015 Bérard (Controls unexposed, sick), 2017 Mehta, 2019 120.99[0.81; 1.21]1,4232,364low Major congenital malformations Watts, 2004 Brogly, 2010 Gibb, 2012 Floridia, 2013 Phiri, 2014 Prieto (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 Williams, 2015 Bérard (Controls unexposed, sick), 2017 Mehta, 2019 91.14[0.85; 1.54]4491,284not evaluable Congenital heart defects Floridia, 2013 Sibiude, 2014 20.85[0.47; 1.55]7996not evaluable Limb defects Floridia, 2013 Sibiude, 2014 20.89[0.44; 1.78]4996not evaluable Microcephaly / Small head circumference for gestational age Siberry, 2012 Pintye, 2015 Williams, 2020 30.98[0.71; 1.37]1521,171not evaluable Nervous system anomalies Floridia, 2013 Sibiude, 2014 21.96[0.38; 10.03]1996not evaluable Abdominal wall defects Floridia, 2013 11.08[0.04; 26.66]1173not evaluable Chromosomal abnormalities Floridia, 2013 11.08[0.11; 10.46]4173not evaluable Eye, ear, face and neck malformations Floridia, 2013 Sibiude, 2014 21.42[0.37; 5.52]-996not evaluable Genital anomalies Floridia, 2013 11.63[0.15; 18.03]3173not evaluable Urinary malformations Floridia, 2013 Sibiude, 2014 21.00[0.38; 2.63]3996not evaluable Hypospadias 0----- Minor congenital malformations 0----- Growth parameters and prematurity Preterm (< 37 weeks) Gibb, 2012 Ransom, 2013 Mugo, 2014 Calitri, 2014 Greenup (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 Bagkeris, 2015 Moodley (Controls unexposed, sick), 2016 Zash, 2016 Pan, 2016 Samadi Kochaksaraei, 2016 Kolgelier, 2016 Fowler, 2016 Zash (Controls exposed to other treatments), 2017 Malaba, 2017 Pintye, 2017 Floridia, 2018 Rough, 2018 Wakano (Controls unexposed, sick), 2018 Chetty, 2018 Caniglia, 2018 Jourdain a, 2018 Heffron, 2018 Lin, 2018 Liu (Controls unexposed, sick), 2019 Chang, 2019 The EPPICC study group, 2019 Dadabhai, 2019 Ejigu, 2019 Seidel, 2020 290.89[0.78; 1.02]5,30516,149low Low birth weight (< 2500g) Vigano, 2011 Gibb, 2012 Siberry, 2012 Celen, 2013 Calitri, 2014 Bagkeris, 2015 Pintye, 2015 Fowler, 2016 Moodley (Controls unexposed, sick), 2016 Kolgelier, 2016 Malaba, 2017 Floridia, 2018 Chetty, 2018 Rough, 2018 Wakano (Controls unexposed, sick), 2018 Dadabhai, 2019 Ejigu, 2019 Liu (Controls unexposed, sick), 2019 180.97[0.80; 1.17]2,0698,480low Small for gestational age (weight) Siberry, 2012 Ransom, 2013 Calitri, 2014 Bagkeris, 2015 Pintye, 2015 Moodley (Controls unexposed, sick), 2016 Zash, 2016 Pan, 2016 Zash (Controls exposed to other treatments), 2017 Malaba, 2017 Chetty, 2018 Caniglia, 2018 Lin, 2018 Floridia, 2018 Dadabhai, 2019 Ejigu, 2019 The EPPICC study group, 2019 170.81[0.67; 0.99]4,36114,089probable Very preterm (28 to 32 weeks) Fowler, 2016 Malaba, 2017 Zash (Controls exposed to other treatments), 2017 Caniglia, 2018 Rough, 2018 Floridia, 2018 Chetty, 2018 The EPPICC study group, 2019 80.93[0.61; 1.42]7589,791not evaluable Very low birth weight (< 1500g) Fowler, 2016 Malaba, 2017 Floridia, 2018 Rough, 2018 40.93[0.48; 1.81]1103,067not evaluable Small for gestational age (length) Vigano, 2011 Siberry, 2012 Pintye, 2015 31.09[0.72; 1.64]142377not evaluable Large for gestational age (weight) Malaba, 2017 Floridia, 2018 20.80[0.55; 1.17]1981,736not evaluable Macrosomia (> 4000g) Vigano, 2011 Pan, 2016 22.66[0.34; 20.58]5130not evaluable Large for gestational age (length) Vigano, 2011 12.19[0.19; 25.40]333not evaluable Maternal consequences Caesarean Gibb, 2012 Greenup (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 Colbers, 2015 Samadi Kochaksaraei, 2016 Wakano (Controls unexposed, sick), 2018 Seo, 2018 Jourdain a, 2018 Lin, 2018 Floridia, 2018 Liu (Controls unexposed, sick), 2019 Chang, 2019 Zeng (Controls unexposed, sick), 2019 Seidel, 2020 131.10[0.92; 1.33]8701,617low Maternal liver disorder / failure during pregnancy Chen, 2015 Pan, 2016 Seo, 2018 Jourdain a, 2018 Lin, 2018 Floridia, 2018 Sibiude, 2019 71.05[0.71; 1.55]1531,044not evaluable Postpartum hemorrhage Greenup (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 Pan, 2016 Lin, 2018 Zeng (Controls unexposed, sick), 2019 Liu (Controls unexposed, sick), 2019 50.79[0.38; 1.67]30610not evaluable Preeclampsia Ransom, 2013 Pan, 2016 Lin, 2018 Floridia, 2018 40.77[0.40; 1.48]1241,447not evaluable Amniotic fluid problems (polyhydramnios and/or oligohydramnios) Greenup (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 11.04[0.04; 26.49]158not evaluable Maternal consequences (as a whole) Jourdain a, 2018 Zeng (Controls unexposed, sick), 2019 20.89[0.56; 1.43]93239not evaluable Gestational diabetes Ransom, 2013 Floridia, 2018 20.95[0.50; 1.80]1411,291not evaluable Oligohydramnios Greenup (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 11.04[0.04; 26.49]158not evaluable Placenta previa 0----- Assisted deliveries (forceps, vacuum, ...) Samadi Kochaksaraei, 2016 11.57[0.53; 4.66]2723not evaluable Polyhydramnios Greenup (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 10.34[0.01; 17.67]-58not evaluable Neonatal disorders Low Apgar score (< 7) (at 1 min) Greenup (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 Lin, 2018 Jourdain a, 2018 Liu (Controls unexposed, sick), 2019 41.42[0.50; 4.07]22603not evaluable Neonatal death (< 28 days of life) Fowler, 2016 Zash (Controls exposed to other treatments), 2017 Pintye, 2017 Floridia, 2018 41.07[0.36; 3.16]1134,390not evaluable Hearing loss / Auditory deficit Celen, 2013 Torre, 2016 20.80[0.41; 1.54]-623not evaluable Low Apgar score (< 7) (at 5 min) Greenup (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 10.11[0.00; 2.75]158not evaluable Metabolic disorders in neonate/infant Celen, 2013 Williams, 2016 20.71[0.48; 1.06]-21not evaluable Neonatal disorders (as a whole) Chi, 2007 Jourdain a, 2018 21.04[0.70; 1.54]124359not evaluable Very low Apgar score (< 5) (at 1 min) Jourdain a, 2018 Lin, 2018 21.59[0.20; 12.44]3220not evaluable Bone fractures / bone mineralisation anomalies Gibb, 2012 10.56[0.01; 28.40]-111not evaluable Hypothyroidism (fetal/neonatal) Celen, 2013 11.10[0.02; 57.89]-21not evaluable Jaundice Pan, 2016 11.87[0.17; 21.00]395not evaluable Mitochondrial abnormalities Crain, 2011 11.85[0.96; 3.55]51299not evaluable Neonatal infections Pan, 2016 11.87[0.17; 21.00]395not evaluable Long term consequences Child/Infant head circumference abnormalities (> 1 year) Siberry, 2012 Pintye, 2015 Williams, 2020 31.10[0.80; 1.51]1861,082not evaluable Child/Infant weight abnormalities (> 1 year) Siberry, 2012 Ransom, 2013 Pintye, 2015 31.35[0.95; 1.94]138712not evaluable Child/Infant death (> 28 days of life) Gibb, 2012 Mugo, 2014 20.49[0.18; 1.35]18192not evaluable Child/Infant lenght abnormalities (> 1 year) Siberry, 2012 Pintye, 2015 21.26[0.65; 2.44]83255not evaluable Intrauterine deaths Late intrauterine deaths (> 22 weeks) Gibb, 2012 Mugo, 2014 Zash, 2016 Pan, 2016 Fowler, 2016 Moodley (Controls unexposed, sick), 2016 Pintye, 2017 Zash (Controls exposed to other treatments), 2017 Caniglia, 2018 Jourdain a, 2018 Favarato, 2019 110.70[0.43; 1.14]49611,431critical Intrauterine deaths (as a whole or unspecified) Mugo, 2014 Pintye, 2017 Floridia, 2018 Heffron, 2018 Liu (Controls unexposed, sick), 2019 51.04[0.79; 1.37]336971not evaluable Early intrauterine death (< 22 weeks) Gibb, 2012 Mugo, 2014 Pintye, 2017 31.01[0.72; 1.43]226425not evaluable Elective/induced termination of pregnancy Mugo, 2014 Floridia, 2018 21.28[0.77; 2.14]79616not evaluable0.0100.01.0

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