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Miconazole (all routes except local only)
Overall results
Study description
Excluded studies
Table
Graphic
auto
during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)
1st trimester
2nd trimester
3rd trimester
2nd and/or 3rd trimester
throughout pregnancy
early pregnancy
days before delivery
late pregnancy
preconception-only
periconceptional
preconceptional for kinetic reason
at least 1st trimester
3 months (or more) before pregnancy or during pregnancy
1st and 2nd trimester
3 months or more before pregnancy or1st trimester
Whatever the period exposition
individual studies
Outcome
TE
95% CI
n cases
n exposed
k
Pub. bias
Congenital malformations
All congenital malformations (majors, minors, majors and minors, or unspecified)
Rosa, 1987
1
1.02
[
0.88
; 1.18]
6,564
2,236
not evaluable
Ano-rectal atresia and stenosis
Carter, 2008
1
1.77
[
0.54
; 5.77]
209
42
not evaluable
Cleft lip with or without cleft palate
Carter, 2008
1
1.01
[
0.49
; 2.10]
1,086
48
not evaluable
Congenital heart defects
Carter, 2008
1
0.52
[
0.28
; 0.98]
3,049
52
not evaluable
Craniosynostosis
Carter, 2008
1
0.55
[
0.13
; 2.27]
447
41
not evaluable
Diaphragmatic hernia
Carter, 2008
1
0.89
[
0.21
; 3.70]
275
41
not evaluable
Gastroschisis
Carter, 2008
1
0.27
[
0.04
; 1.95]
455
40
not evaluable
Hypospadias
Carter, 2008
1
0.47
[
0.15
; 1.53]
776
42
not evaluable
Microcephaly / Small head circumference for gestational age
Kerr, 2018
1
0.96
[
0.06
; 16.12]
57
216
not evaluable
Neural Tube Defects
Carter, 2008
1
1.64
[
0.82
; 3.30]
750
49
not evaluable
Long term consequences
Leukemia
Ross, 2003
1
0.94
[
0.53
; 1.66]
243
61
not evaluable
0.0
20.0
1.0
