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Econazole
Overall results
Study description
Excluded studies
Table
Graphic
auto
during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)
1st trimester
2nd trimester
3rd trimester
2nd and/or 3rd trimester
throughout pregnancy
early pregnancy
days before delivery
late pregnancy
preconception-only
periconceptional
preconceptional for kinetic reason
at least 1st trimester
3 months (or more) before pregnancy or during pregnancy
1st and 2nd trimester
3 months or more before pregnancy or1st trimester
Whatever the period exposition
individual studies
Outcome
TE
95% CI
n cases
n exposed
k
Pub. bias
Congenital malformations
Cleft lip with or without cleft palate
Czeizel, 2003 Carter, 2008
2
1.85
[
0.42
; 8.18]
2,460
22
not evaluable
Congenital heart defects
Czeizel, 2003 Carter, 2008
2
2.80
[
1.12
; 7.03]
7,528
26
not evaluable
Hypospadias
Czeizel, 2003 Carter, 2008
2
3.07
[
1.03
; 9.14]
3,814
24
not evaluable
Neural Tube Defects
Czeizel, 2003 Carter, 2008
2
3.49
[
0.86
; 14.11]
1,952
22
not evaluable
All congenital malformations (majors, minors, majors and minors, or unspecified)
Czeizel, 2003
1
1.40
[
0.69
; 2.85]
22,843
34
not evaluable
Ano-rectal atresia and stenosis
Carter, 2008
1
22.78
[
0.45
; 1150.95]
209
1
not evaluable
Bilateral renal agenesis including Potter syndrome
Czeizel, 2003
1
9.86
[
0.59
; 164.73]
104
19
not evaluable
Club foot / Talipes equinovarus
Czeizel, 2003
1
0.90
[
0.11
; 7.42]
2,424
20
not evaluable
Craniosynostosis
Carter, 2008
1
10.66
[
0.21
; 538.15]
447
1
not evaluable
Diaphragmatic hernia
Carter, 2008
1
17.32
[
0.34
; 874.73]
275
1
not evaluable
Gastroschisis
Carter, 2008
1
10.48
[
0.21
; 528.69]
455
1
not evaluable
Major congenital malformations
Czeizel, 2003
1
1.40
[
0.69
; 2.85]
22,843
34
not evaluable
Polydactyly
Czeizel, 2003
1
1.10
[
0.12
; 9.90]
1,744
20
not evaluable
0.0
100.0
1.0
