Paroxetine

Table   Graphic  
individual studies
OutcomeTE95% CIn casesn exposedkPub. bias Congenital malformations Congenital heart defects Vial, 2006 Louik, 2007 Davis, 2007 Einarson, 2008 Oberlander, 2008 Diav-Citrin, 2008 Merlob, 2009 Reis (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2010 Colvin, 2011 Nordeng (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012 Huybrechts (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 Ban (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 Furu, 2015 Wemakor, 2015 Bérard, 2017 Anderson, 2020 Chan (Controls unexposed, pop general), 2024 171.29[1.14; 1.46]56,68319,308probable All congenital malformations (majors, minors, majors and minors, or unspecified) Vial, 2006 Davis, 2007 Oberlander, 2008 Diav-Citrin, 2008 Einarson, 2009 Reis (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2010 Colvin, 2011 Nordeng (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012 Ban (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 Furu, 2015 Ozturk, 2016 Bérard, 2017 Anderson, 2020 Chan (Controls unexposed, pop general), 2024 141.18[1.04; 1.34]140,1659,542low Major congenital malformations Vial, 2006 Oberlander, 2008 Diav-Citrin, 2008 Einarson, 2009 Reis (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2010 Colvin, 2011 Nordeng (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012 Ban (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 Furu, 2015 Ozturk, 2016 Bérard, 2017 Anderson, 2020 Chan (Controls unexposed, pop general), 2024 131.21[1.06; 1.38]132,5679,360probable Limb defects Colvin, 2011 Malm, 2011 Jimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012 De Jonge, 2013 Ban (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 Bérard, 2017 Anderson, 2020 71.00[0.79; 1.25]1,3104,621not evaluable Digestive system anomalies Davis, 2007 Colvin, 2011 Malm, 2011 Jimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012 Ban (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2014 Wemakor, 2015 Bérard, 2017 70.99[0.65; 1.51]3,7194,656not evaluable Respiratory system anomalies Davis, 2007 Colvin, 2011 Malm, 2011 Jimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2012 Ban (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2014 Wemakor, 2015 Bérard, 2017 71.17[0.65; 2.10]1,5114,649not evaluable Ventricular septal defect Malm, 2011 Jimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012 Huybrechts (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 Wemakor, 2015 Anderson, 2020 51.11[0.66; 1.87]12,43210,341not evaluable Cardiac septal defects Louik, 2007 Davis, 2007 Wemakor, 2015 Furu, 2015 Bérard, 2017 Anderson, 2020 61.42[1.17; 1.73]27,5144,279not evaluable Genital anomalies Davis, 2007 Jimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012 Ban (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 Bérard, 2017 40.90[0.46; 1.76]1,2343,082not evaluable Nervous system anomalies Colvin, 2011 Malm, 2011 Jimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2012 De Jonge, 2013 Ban (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2014 Bérard, 2017 61.03[0.62; 1.73]9624,621serious Urinary malformations Davis, 2007 Louik, 2007 Jimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2012 Ban (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2014 Bérard, 2017 50.65[0.36; 1.16]4,2533,116not evaluable Atrial septal defect Malm, 2011 Jimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012 Wemakor, 2015 Anderson, 2020 41.46[0.95; 2.26]3,9851,568not evaluable Craniosynostosis Louik, 2007 Malm, 2011 Wemakor, 2015 Bérard, 2017 Anderson, 2020 51.63[1.02; 2.61]4222,159not evaluable Ear, face and neck anomalies Davis, 2007 Colvin, 2011 Jimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2012 Ban (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2014 Wemakor, 2015 51.56[0.50; 4.91]1,2642,549not evaluable Hypospadias Louik, 2007 Reis (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2010 Wemakor, 2015 Anderson, 2020 41.46[0.95; 2.24]3,5381,275not evaluable Chromosomal abnormalities Davis, 2007 Colvin, 2011 Jimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2012 Ban (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2014 42.31[1.14; 4.70]8412,522not evaluable Cleft lip with or without cleft palate Louik, 2007 Malm, 2011 Anderson, 2020 31.01[0.59; 1.72]7041,002not evaluable Cleft palate Louik, 2007 Malm, 2011 Anderson, 2020 31.54[0.88; 2.70]3771,001not evaluable Eye defects Davis, 2007 Colvin, 2011 Ban (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2014 Wemakor, 2015 41.87[1.08; 3.26]1,8551,984not evaluable Oro-facial clefts Davis, 2007 Ban (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2014 Anderson, 2020 31.04[0.62; 1.75]5311,382not evaluable Club foot / Talipes equinovarus Louik, 2007 Yazdy, 2014 Wemakor, 2015 34.14[2.43; 7.04]3,02781not evaluable Diaphragmatic hernia Louik, 2007 Anderson, 2020 21.24[0.50; 3.06]19231not evaluable Neural Tube Defects Louik, 2007 Wemakor, 2015 Anderson, 2020 31.62[0.64; 4.07]1,64261not evaluable Omphalocele Louik, 2007 Malm, 2011 21.37[0.27; 6.93]127998not evaluable Spina bifida Davis, 2007 Anderson, 2020 21.14[0.21; 6.20]29182not evaluable Transposition of the great vessels Malm, 2011 Wemakor, 2015 Anderson, 2020 31.28[0.54; 3.04]853996not evaluable Abdominal wall defects Ban (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2014 11.95[0.12; 31.52]691,200not evaluable Ano-rectal atresia and stenosis Louik, 2007 Wemakor, 2015 22.05[0.61; 6.86]60760not evaluable Coarctation of aorta Wemakor, 2015 Anderson, 2020 21.26[0.55; 2.89]57029not evaluable Gastroschisis Wemakor, 2015 Anderson, 2020 22.73[1.49; 5.03]41327not evaluable Limb reduction defects (LRD) Louik, 2007 Wemakor, 2015 21.61[0.56; 4.63]97760not evaluable Microcephaly / Small head circumference for gestational age Kivistö, 2016 Kerr, 2018 21.09[0.30; 3.93]1,75746not evaluable Pulmonary valve stenosis Wemakor, 2015 Anderson, 2020 21.92[1.04; 3.56]77228not evaluable Tetralogy of Fallot Wemakor, 2015 Anderson, 2020 21.40[0.62; 3.19]42827not evaluable Aortic valve atresia/stenosis 0----- Atrioventricular septal defect Wemakor, 2015 12.19[0.30; 16.14]29028not evaluable Congenital hydronephrosis 0----- Ebstein's anomaly Wemakor, 2015 16.43[0.85; 48.59]9328not evaluable Encephalocele 0----- Eye, ear, face and neck malformations Bérard, 2017 10.75[0.30; 1.87]-1,132not evaluable Hip dislocation and/or dysplasia 0----- Hirschsprung's disease 0----- Hydrocephaly 0----- Hypoplastic left heart (HLH/HLHS) Wemakor, 2015 11.59[0.22; 11.74]39828not evaluable Multicystic renal dysplasia Wemakor, 2015 11.62[0.38; 6.93]61829not evaluable Oesophageal atresia with or without tracheo-oesophageal fistula Anderson, 2020 11.36[0.49; 3.80]--not evaluable Patent ductus arterious 0----- Polydactyly 0----- Pulmonary valve atresia 0----- Severe congenital heart defect Wemakor, 2015 11.08[0.44; 2.64]2,93533not evaluable Syndactyly 0----- Total anomalous pulm venous return Anderson, 2020 14.00[1.42; 11.28]--not evaluable Growth parameters and prematurity Preterm (< 37 weeks) Diav-Citrin, 2008 Calderon-Margalit, 2009 Colvin, 2011 Ozturk, 2016 Kivistö, 2016 Marks (Controls exposed to Bupropion), 2021 Martin, 2024 Lee (Controls unexposed, general pop), 2025 81.24[1.00; 1.55]158,6014,058not evaluable Low birth weight (< 2500g) Colvin, 2011 Kivistö, 2016 Lee (Controls unexposed, general pop), 2025 31.00[0.51; 1.98]39,728794not evaluable Small for gestational age (weight) Kivistö, 2016 Martin, 2024 Lee (Controls unexposed, general pop), 2025 31.19[1.04; 1.36]238,6562,246not evaluable Large for gestational age (weight) Kivistö, 2016 Lee (Controls unexposed, general pop), 2025 20.92[0.30; 2.81]11,926109not evaluable Large for gestational age (length) Kivistö, 2016 10.50[0.07; 3.65]1,472-not evaluable Large head circumference for gestational age Kivistö, 2016 11.33[0.46; 3.87]2,560-not evaluable Small for gestational age (length) Kivistö, 2016 11.09[0.32; 3.74]1,838-not evaluable Maternal consequences Caesarean Colvin, 2011 Kivistö, 2016 Lee (Controls unexposed, general pop), 2025 31.17[1.00; 1.38]145,914785not evaluable Postpartum hemorrhage Colvin, 2011 Palmsten b, 2013 Lee (Controls unexposed, general pop), 2025 31.27[1.08; 1.50]30,2672,808not evaluable Assisted deliveries (forceps, vacuum, ...) Kivistö, 2016 Lee (Controls unexposed, general pop), 2025 20.83[0.42; 1.66]47,643109not evaluable Preeclampsia De Vera, 2012 Palmsten (Controls unexposed, sick), 2013 21.25[0.70; 2.23]4,6143,526not evaluable Maternal consequences (as a whole) Lee (Controls unexposed, general pop), 2025 10.84[0.50; 1.41]311,15177not evaluable Gestational diabetes Dandjinou, 2019 11.13[0.94; 1.36]20,9051,362not evaluable Neonatal disorders Neonatal medical care Costei (Controls unexposed, sick), 2002 Oberlander, 2004 Maschi, 2008 Kivistö, 2016 Marks (Controls exposed to Bupropion), 2021 Lee (Controls unexposed, general pop), 2025 62.07[1.29; 3.32]11,119294not evaluable Low Apgar score (< 7) (at 5 min) Colvin, 2011 Kivistö, 2016 Marks (Controls exposed to Bupropion), 2021 Martin, 2024 Lee (Controls unexposed, general pop), 2025 51.55[1.19; 2.03]34,7432,455not evaluable Neonatal disorders (as a whole) Costei (Controls unexposed, sick), 2002 Maschi, 2008 Lee (Controls unexposed, general pop), 2025 31.12[0.63; 2.00]161,472190not evaluable Low Apgar score (< 7) (at 1 min) Kivistö, 2016 Lee (Controls unexposed, general pop), 2025 21.57[0.76; 3.27]16,330109not evaluable Neonatal death (< 28 days of life) Lee (Controls unexposed, general pop), 2025 14.82[0.30; 77.86]62777not evaluable Persistent pulmonary hypertension Chambers, 2006 Kieler, 2012 Marks (Controls exposed to Bupropion), 2021 33.32[1.48; 7.44]2,3171,340not evaluable Withdrawal syndrome / Neonatal abstinence syndrome / Poor neonatal adaptation Levinson-Castiel, 2006 Marks (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021 26.26[0.96; 40.75]647not evaluable Fetal distress Colvin, 2011 11.18[0.96; 1.45]12,779676not evaluable Jaundice / Icterus Marks (Controls exposed to Bupropion), 2021 10.67[0.27; 1.62]6955not evaluable Neonatal tachypnea Marks (Controls exposed to Bupropion), 2021 12.07[0.94; 4.59]4455not evaluable Long term consequences Child/Infant death (> 28 days of life) Colvin, 2012 Lee (Controls unexposed, general pop), 2025 24.09[0.29; 57.17]1,19977not evaluable Intrauterine deaths Early intrauterine deaths (< 22 weeks) / Spontaneous abortions Yaris, 2005 Vial, 2006 Diav-Citrin, 2008 Nakhai-Pour, 2010 Andersen, 2014 Ozturk, 2016 Kitchin, 2022 71.46[1.15; 1.86]162,6694,204not evaluable Elective/induced termination of pregnancy Vial, 2006 Diav-Citrin, 2008 Ozturk, 2016 32.32[1.45; 3.74]1621,160not evaluable Late intrauterine deaths (> 22 weeks) / Stillbirths Diav-Citrin, 2008 Colvin, 2011 21.13[0.53; 2.42]6151,148not evaluable Ectopic pregnancy Colvin, 2011 10.68[0.42; 1.10]1,489763not evaluable Intrauterine deaths (as a whole or unspecified) Diav-Citrin, 2008 Colvin, 2011 21.43[1.14; 1.80]24,7241,226not evaluable Therapeutic terminations of pregnancy Vial, 2006 12.63[0.93; 7.42]18683not evaluable Neuro-developmental disorders ASD (Autism spectrum disorder): Diagnosis Bérard, 2016 Brown, 2017 Viktorin (Controls unexposed, sick), 2017 Rai (Controls unexposed, sick), 2017 Heuvelman, 2023 51.33[0.80; 2.21]1,3732,098not evaluable ASD (Autism spectrum disorder): Diagnosis/Risk Bérard, 2016 Brown, 2017 Viktorin (Controls unexposed, sick), 2017 Rai (Controls unexposed, sick), 2017 Heuvelman, 2023 51.33[0.80; 2.21]1,3732,098not evaluable ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder): Diagnosis Heuvelman, 2023 11.06[0.61; 1.84]-982not evaluable ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder): Diagnosis/Risk Heuvelman, 2023 11.06[0.61; 1.84]-982not evaluable Cognitive developmental disorders/delay (< 3 years old) Van der Veere, 2020 13.40[1.37; 8.43]-27not evaluable Cognitive developmental disorders/delay (3-6 years old) 0----- Cognitive developmental disorders/delay (> 6 years old) Heuvelman, 2023 10.77[0.32; 1.85]-982not evaluable Psychomotor developmental disorders/delay Van der Veere, 2020 12.58[1.05; 6.33]-27not evaluable Severe cognitive developmental delay (Mental retardation) (> 6 years old) Heuvelman, 2023 10.77[0.32; 1.85]-982not evaluable0.0100.01.0

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