| Study | Exclusion reasons | Rmk | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Streissguth, 1987 | inadequate or absent control group | EXCLUDED: Definitions of the exposed and unexposed groups led to partial exposure of the 2 groups compared. No used in the core analysis in the 1st stage (use only classic, mutually exclusive exposure definitions). |
Streissguth Teratology 1987; 35:211-9 10.1002/tera.1420350207 |
| Ruisch, 2018 | inadequate or absent control group | EXCLUDED: Definitions of the exposed and unexposed groups led to partial exposure of the 2 groups compared. No used in the core analysis in the 1st stage (use only classic, mutually exclusive exposure definitions). |
Ruisch J Psychiatr Res 2018; 101:63-71 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.02.020 |
| Stergiakouli a, 2016 | inadequate or absent control group | EXCLUDED: Definitions of the exposed and unexposed groups led to partial exposure of the 2 groups compared. No used in the core analysis in the 1st stage (use only classic, mutually exclusive exposure definitions). |
Stergiakouli JAMA Pediatr 2016; 170:964-970 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.1775 |
| Avella-Garcia, 2016 | inadequate or absent control group | EXCLUDED: Definitions of the exposed and unexposed groups led to partial exposure of the 2 groups compared. No used in the core analysis in the 1st stage (use only classic, mutually exclusive exposure definitions). |
Avella-Garcia Int J Epidemiol 2016; 45:1987-1996 10.1093/ije/dyw115 |
| Alemany_GASPII, 2021 | inadequate or absent control group | EXCLUDED: Definitions of the exposed and unexposed groups led to partial exposure of the 2 groups compared. No used in the core analysis in the 1st stage (use only classic, mutually exclusive exposure definitions). |
Alemany Eur J Epidemiol 2021; 36:993-1004 10.1007/s10654-021-00754-4 |
| Liew, 2019 | inadequate or absent control group | EXCLUDED: Definitions of the exposed and unexposed groups led to partial exposure of the 2 groups compared. No used in the core analysis in the 1st stage (use only classic, mutually exclusive exposure definitions). | |
| Bertoldi_Viva, 2020 | inadequate or absent control group | EXCLUDED: Definitions of the exposed and unexposed groups led to partial exposure of the 2 groups compared. No used in the core analysis in the 1st stage (use only classic, mutually exclusive exposure definitions). |
Bertoldi Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2020; 34:267-277 10.1111/ppe.12632 |
| Bornehag_Girls, 2018 | inadequate or absent control group | EXCLUDED: Definitions of the exposed and unexposed groups led to partial exposure of the 2 groups compared. No used in the core analysis in the 1st stage (use only classic, mutually exclusive exposure definitions). |
Bornehag Eur Psychiatry 2018; 51:98-103 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.10.007 |
| Alemany_Generation R, 2021 | inadequate or absent control group | EXCLUDED: Definitions of the exposed and unexposed groups led to partial exposure of the 2 groups compared. No used in the core analysis in the 1st stage (use only classic, mutually exclusive exposure definitions). |
Alemany Eur J Epidemiol 2021; 36:993-1004 10.1007/s10654-021-00754-4 |
| Bornehag_Boys, 2018 | inadequate or absent control group | EXCLUDED: Definitions of the exposed and unexposed groups led to partial exposure of the 2 groups compared. No used in the core analysis in the 1st stage (use only classic, mutually exclusive exposure definitions). |
Bornehag Eur Psychiatry 2018; 51:98-103 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.10.007 |
| Baker, 2020 | inadequate or absent control group | EXCLUDED: Definitions of the exposed and unexposed groups led to partial exposure of the 2 groups compared. No used in the core analysis in the 1st stage (use only classic, mutually exclusive exposure definitions). |
Baker JAMA Pediatr 2020; 174:1073-1081 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.3080 |
| Alemany_INMA, 2021 | inadequate or absent control group | EXCLUDED: Definitions of the exposed and unexposed groups led to partial exposure of the 2 groups compared. No used in the core analysis in the 1st stage (use only classic, mutually exclusive exposure definitions). |
Alemany Eur J Epidemiol 2021; 36:993-1004 10.1007/s10654-021-00754-4 |
| Alemany_RHEA, 2021 | inadequate or absent control group | EXCLUDED: Definitions of the exposed and unexposed groups led to partial exposure of the 2 groups compared. No used in the core analysis in the 1st stage (use only classic, mutually exclusive exposure definitions) |
Alemany Eur J Epidemiol 2021; 36:993-1004 10.1007/s10654-021-00754-4 |
| Lye, 2023 | inadequate or absent control group | EXCLUDED: Definitions of the exposed and unexposed groups led to partial exposure of the 2 groups compared. No used in the core analysis in the 1st stage (use only classic, mutually exclusive exposure definitions). | |
| Alemany_ALSPAC, 2021 | inadequate or absent control group | EXCLUDED: Definitions of the exposed and unexposed groups led to partial exposure of the 2 groups compared. No used in the core analysis in the 1st stage (use only classic, mutually exclusive exposure definitions). |
Alemany Eur J Epidemiol 2021; 36:993-1004 10.1007/s10654-021-00754-4 |
| Skovlund, 2020 | not relevant exposure | EXCLUDED: Analysis of opioid exposure (paracetamol use measured for adjustment of the analysis). |
Skovlund, E. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 2020; 29:736-. 10.1002/pds.5009 |
| Tronnes, 2021 | not relevant exposure | EXCLUDED: Analysis of Opioid Exposure. |
Tronnes JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2124324 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.24324 |
| Hornig, 2016 | not relevant exposure | EXCLUDED: Analysis of impact of fever on Autism spectrum disorders (without analysis of paracetamol users versus no users). |
Hornig, M. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2016;55(10 Supplement 1):S266. 10.1016/j.jaac.2016.07.152 |
| Croen, 2019 | not relevant exposure | EXCLUDED: Analysis of illness impact on Autism Spectrum Disorders (acetaminophen used as an adjustment factor). | |
| Nordeng, 2018 | not human | EXCLUDED: Results of a CNS pharmacology safety model (chicken embryo) and human embryonic stem cells are used. |
Nordeng, H. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology. 2018;123(Supplement 1):5. |
| Anand a, 2021 | not in pregnancy | EXCLUDED: Exposure determined as Coord blood acetaminophen => probably delivery or post-partum exposure. i) Same dataset Ji 2020; ii) ADHD diagnosis available according cord plasma acetaminophen ≤50th percentile vs >50th percentile. | |
| Ji, 2020 | not in pregnancy | EXCLUDED: Exposure determined as Cord blood acetaminophen => probably delivery or post-partum exposure. Comparison of 2nd and 3rd tertile groups of Cord Acetaminophen Burden to the 1st tertile of Cord Acetaminophen Burden. |
Ji JAMA Psychiatry 2020; 77:180-189 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.3259 |
| Ji, 2018 | not about fetal exposure | EXCLUDED: Maternal plasma biomarkers of acetaminophen use were measured using nonfasting blood samples obtained within 1–3 days postpartum. => 2h half life => Exposure could be during or after pregnancy. | |
| Bauer, 2013 | not relevant study design | EXCLUDED: Ecological study on the correlation between autism/ASD prevalence and paracetamol (acetaminophen) use. | |
| Lupattelli, 2023 | not relevant study design | EXCLUDED: Study related to the association between maternal personality traits and the use of medication during pregnancy. |
Lupattelli Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1160168 10.3389/fphar.2023.1160168 |
| Wing, 2017 | not relevant outcome | EXCLUDED: Systematic review with qualitative results only for miscarriage and gastroschisis (no quantitative results). | |
| Ray-Griffith, 2016 | not relevant outcome | EXCLUDED: No relevant outcomes (results provided for depressive scores (BDI) certainly in mothers; additional exposures associated with acetaminophen; but no result provided for the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)). |
Ray-Griffith, S. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2016 Dec;41:S347–S347. |
| Smith-Webb, 2023 | not relevant outcome | EXCLUDED: Only behavioral/emotional outcomes, not included in this meta-analysis on neuro-developmental disorders. |
Smith-Webb Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1084781 10.3389/fphar.2023.1084781 |
| Rifas-Shiman, 2020 | not relevant outcome | EXCLUDED: Behavioral/emotional and executive function not included outcomes. |
Rifas-Shiman Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2020; 34:287-298 10.1111/ppe.12596 |
| Anand b, 2021 | not relevant outcome | EXCLUDED: Subsample of the Boston Birth Cohort, focusing on candidate metabolites in cord plasma as possible modifiers or mediators linking prenatal acetaminophen exposure and childhood ADHD. |
Anand, N. S. Journal of Clinical and Translational Science. 2021;5(Supplement 1):120. 10.1017/cts.2021.707 |
| Zhou, 2024 | data not abstractable | EXCLUDED: Data not extractable (artificial neural network models were developed (authors providing AUC and IQR)). |
Zhou Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12: 10.3390/healthcare12070713 |
| Laue, 2019 | data not abstractable | EXCLUDED: Authors provided: generalized linear models with each WISC-IV subtest scaled score as the outcome and categorical acetaminophen exposure => not extractable. Definitions of the exposed and unexposed groups not mutually exclusives. | |
| Thompson, 2014 | data not abstractable | EXCLUDED: Authors provided Mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CI), but the number of children in each groups not clearly provided => Available data cannot be transformed in OR. => Not extracted. |
Thompson PLoS One 2014; 9:e108210 10.1371/journal.pone.0108210 |
| Brandlistuen, 2012 | data not abstractable | EXCLUDED: Congress abstract without quantitative data ('no association') and data probably fully published in Brandlistuen 2013, Liew 2014 and/or Liew 2016. |
Brandlistuen, R. Birth Defects Research Part A - Clinical and Molecular Teratology. 2012;94(5):406 10.1002/bdra.23023 |
| Blakey, 2021 | data not abstractable | EXCLUDED: Maternal paracetamol intake included in early environmental risks, but no results provided for this parameter. |
Blakey, R. European Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 51:e56-. 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.07.122 |
| Posner, 2021 | data not abstractable | EXCLUDED: Symposium abstract, without quantitative results. |
Posner, J. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 2021; 60:S284-. 10.1016/j.jaac.2021.07.654 |
| Golding, 2023 | data not abstractable | EXCLUDED: Authors provided Mean diff [95% CI], without n in each group for each outcome => cannot be transformed in OR. Definitions of the exposed and unexposed groups led to partial exposure of the 2 groups compared. |
Golding Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1116683 10.3389/fphar.2023.1116683 |
| Saunders, 2019 | data not abstractable | EXCLUDED: No abstractable data for acetaminophen (only Pearson Chi-Square). OR available for use of medications (other than acetaminophen or antibiotics). | |
| Parker, 2016 | data not abstractable | EXCLUDED: Child cognition: Authors provided adjusted mean difference (95% CI), without raw data for each group (mean; SD; n) => cannot be transformed in OR. => Not extracted. Children’s behavioral and emotional problems available in Smith-Webb 2023. |
Parker Neurotoxicol Teratol 2016; 57:54-59 10.1016/j.ntt.2016.06.007 |
| Woodbury b, 2024 | data not abstractable | EXCLUDED: Authors provided β estimates and 95% confidence interval, of the multivariable linear regression analyses => Available data cannot be transformed in OR. => Not extracted. |
Woodbury Neurotoxicol Teratol 2024; 101:107319 10.1016/j.ntt.2024.107319 |
| Bertrand, 2015 | data not abstractable | EXCLUDED: Congress abstract without quantitative data ('No statistically significant associations were observed between acetaminophen use during pregnancy and ASQ scores'). |
Bertrand, K. Neurotoxicology and Teratology 2015; 49:137-. 10.1016/j.ntt.2015.04.117 |
| Skovlund, 2017 | repeat population groups, duplicate reports (most recent study included) | Overlapping: same dataset and same outcome than in Tronnes 2020, with older children here => use of Tronnes 2020. Authors provided 3 analyses according to the duration of exposure (without analysis for whole exposure): use of results for 1 period of use. |
Skovlund Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2017; 26:625-634 10.1002/pds.4170 |
| Liew c, 2016 | repeat population groups, duplicate reports (most recent study included) | EXCLUDED: For ADHDrisk: SubAttention/hyperactivity studied by Liew 2016a,c also studied by Inoue 2021 (same dataset) => use of Inoue 2021 because older children and full cohort. Continuous outcomes also available. Executive fonctions not reported here. | |
| Parker, 2020 | repeat population groups, duplicate reports (most recent study included) | EXCLUDED: Data updated by Smith-Webb 2023, considering the same dataset and the same outcomes, assessing child at on older age, i.e childhood (ages 5–10) and adolescence (ages 11–17). Attention provided as a mean difference only => not extractable here. |
Parker Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2020; 34:299-308 10.1111/ppe.12601 |
| Brandlistuen, 2013 | repeat population groups, duplicate reports (most recent study included) | EXCLUDED: Overlapping (same outcomes and same dataset than Vlenterie 2016; Tronnes 2020 but with a sibling design. Adjusted betas for exposure > 28 days vs < 28 days. |
Brandlistuen Int J Epidemiol 2013; 42:1702-13 10.1093/ije/dyt183 |
| Stoltenberg, 2020 | same data already obtained by other studies | EXCLUDED: Methodological study, using essentially the same data as Ystrom et al., 2017 (epidemiological study specifically on ADHD and prenatal paracetamol), without reject of Ystrom results => Use of Ystrom et al., 2017. |
Stoltenberg Stat Methods Med Res 2020; 29:2783-2794 10.1177/0962280220904092 |
| Golding, 2020 | same data already obtained by other studies | EXCLUDED: Overlapping: all data available in Ruisch 2018; Stergiakouli 2016 and Alemany 2021. Definitions of the exposed and unexposed groups led to partial exposure of the 2 groups compared. |
Golding Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2020; 34:257-266 10.1111/ppe.12582 |
| Vlenterie b, 2016 | same data already obtained by other studies | EXCLUDED: Congress abstract latter published as a full text publication (Vlenterie, Int J Epidemiol 2016). |
Vlenterie, R. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 2016; 25:296-. 10.1002/pds.4070 |
| Ritz, 2013 | same data already obtained by other studies | EXCLUDED: Congress abstract latter published as a full texte article (Liew 2014). |
Ritz European Journal of Epidemiology 2013; 28:S17-. 10.1007/s10654-013-9820-0 |
| Saunders, 2016 | same data already obtained by other studies | EXCLUDED: Abstract latter published as a full publication (Saunders 2019). |
Saunders, A. Paediatrics and Child Health (Canada) 2016; 21:e96-. 10.1093/pch/21.supp5.e96 |
| Baker, 2021 | same data already obtained by other studies | EXCLUDED: Symposium abstract latter published as a full text article (Baker 2020). |
Baker, B. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 2021; 60:S285-. 10.1016/j.jaac.2021.07.656 |
| Ystrom, 2017 | same data already obtained by other studies | EXCLUDED: Congress abstract latter published as a full text article by Ystrom 2017. |
Ystrom, E. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 2017; 26:407-. |
| Troennes, 2018 | same data already obtained by other studies | EXCLUDED: Congress abstract later published as a full text article (Trønnes 2020). |
Troennes, J. N. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 2018; 27:379-. |
| Gustavson, 2019 | same data already obtained by other studies | EXCLUDED: Subanalysis of the same dataset used by Ystrom 2017 in order to specifically study association between ADHD and acetaminophen. | |
| Liew, 2013 | same data already obtained by other studies | EXCLUDED: Abstract latter published as a full text article (Liew 2014 and Liew 2016). |
Liew, Z. American Journal of Epidemiology. 2013;177(SUPPL. 11):S79 10.1093/aje/kwt103 |
| Zerbo, 2013 | Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class | EXCLUDED: Antipyretic medications considered as a whole (Advil, Tylenol, Excedrin, Darvocet, Ibuprofen, Motrin, Nyquil, Theraflu, Advil), without separate data for acetaminophen. |
Zerbo J Autism Dev Disord 2013; 43:25-33 10.1007/s10803-012-1540-x |
| Denisova, 2021 | Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class | EXCLUDED: No specific analysis of acetaminophen (included in 'Specific psychotropic medications' with different opioid analgesics or pain killerswith opioid-type ingredients) and no adequate outcome. | |
| Robson, 2019 | Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class | EXCLUDED: Study on pain medication as a whole, without specific estimation of paracetamol use, only assumed from previous studies ('Mothers’ use of pain medication ...(estimated to be paracetamol in 92–97% of cases based on Australian studies)'). |
Robson, S. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2019; 59:13-. 10.1111/ajo.13067 |
| Stergiakouli b, 2016 | Review articles, letter to editor, editorial, comments | EXCLUDED: Abstract and comment of the full article published by Stergiakouli 2016. | |
| Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM), 2017 | Review articles, letter to editor, editorial, comments | EXCLUDED: Not an original study (review of the nature and findings of the recent studies to provide guidance to practicing obstetric care providers as they discuss these issues with their patients). |
Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM) American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2017; 216:B14-. |
| Benevent, 2019 | pattern of exposure | EXCLUDED: methodology of a new cohort and the prevalence of the ten most frequently prescribed drugs (excluding vaccines), without data on fetal/maternal/neonatal safety. |
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