Topiramate (All indications)

Study	Exclusion reasons	Rmk	Reference
Vajda (Topiramate) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2018		Overlapping between Vajda 2024a (1999 - 2023) and Vajda 2018 (1999 - 2016) based on the same register and for the almost same outcome (with or without elective termination) => Use of Vajda 2024a because accounting for more relevant confounders.	Vajda Acta Neurol Scand 2018; 137:20-23 10.1111/ane.12816
Vajda (Topiramate) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2018		Overlapping between Vajda 2024a (1999 - 2023) and Vajda 2018 (1999 - 2016) based on the same register and for the almost same outcome (with or without elective termination) => Use of Vajda 2024a because accounting for more relevant confounders.	Vajda Acta Neurol Scand 2018; 137:20-23 10.1111/ane.12816
Coste (Topiramate) (Controls unexposed, sick) (Mixed indications), 2020		EXCLUDED: this control group doesn't exist in the article (only in the report). Children with a diagnosis of brain malformation (ICD-10 codes Q00 to Q04 and Q05.0 to Q05.4) during their stay in the maternity unit are excluded.	Coste Sci Rep 2020; 10:17362 10.1038/s41598-020-74409-x
He (Topiramate) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2017	repeat population groups, duplicate reports (most recent study included)	Overlapping: He 2017 totally included in Li 2023, with a longer study period and more pregnancies => Use of Li 2023. Patients who developed epilepsy during pregnancy or after delivery were not included.	He Epilepsy Behav 2017; 74:10-14 10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.05.034
He (Topiramate) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2017	repeat population groups, duplicate reports (most recent study included)	Overlapping: He 2017 totally included in Li 2023, with a longer study period and more pregnancies => Use of Li 2023. Patients who developed epilepsy during pregnancy or after delivery were not included.	He Epilepsy Behav 2017; 74:10-14 10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.05.034
Hernandez-Diaz (Topiramate) (Epilepsy), 2024	repeat population groups, duplicate reports (most recent study included)	EXCLUDED: Overlapping - Data totally included in Straub 2026, that included more pregnancies, longer follow up, more relevant period of exposure and non exposures.	Hernandez-Diaz N Engl J Med 2024; 390:1069-1079 10.1056/NEJMoa2309359