| Study | Exclusion reasons | Rmk | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gupta, 2012 | inadequate or absent control group | EXCLUDED: All children exposed to methadone, or buprenorphine or diamorphine or heroine or dihydrocodeine or diazepam => No adequate control group. |
Gupta J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2012; 49:58-63 10.3928/01913913-20110308-01 |
| Wladimiroff, 1988 | inadequate or absent control group | EXCLUDED: There is no unexposed control group (or control group exposed to safe treatment). The cohort is only compared with data from the Eurocat Registry in the discussion, which is not an adequate control group. |
Wladimiroff Ultrasound Med Biol 1988; 14:657-60 10.1016/0301-5629(88)90022-1 |
| Crombie, 1975 | inadequate or absent control group | EXCLUDED: No unexposed control group. Only exposed pregnant women (chlordiazepoxide, diazepam and meprobamate), whose safety data are not sufficient to be a control group. |
Crombie N Engl J Med 1975; 293:198-9 10.1056/nejm197507242930415 |
| Jovin, 2023 | inadequate or absent control group | EXCLUDED: Case-series of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) without adequate control group (no control group without exposure nor control group without NAS). |
Jovin, V.M. Heroin Addict. Relat. Clin. Probl. 2023; 25:21-. |
| Damer, 2024 | inadequate or absent control group | EXCLUDED: All pregnant women exposed to psychotropics (atypical antipsychotic drugs, SSRI, Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA), benzodiazepines, and different combinations) => No adequate control group. |
Damer Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2024; 90:76-83 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2024.06.015 |
| Heintzelman, 2020 | inadequate or absent control group | EXCLUDED: All children exposed to opioids, cocaine, cannabis, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, amphetamines, methadone, or multiple drugs => No adequate control group. |
Heintzelman, J. J.Cannabis Res. 2020; 2:871-. 10.1186/s42238-020-00047-9 |
| St Clair - Alprazolam, 1992 | inadequate or absent control group | EXCLUDED: All pregnancies exposed to Alprazolam => No control group. | |
| Van Wattum, 2023 | inadequate or absent control group | EXCLUDED: the prevalence of hyponatremia in women who used SSRI or SNRI during pregnancy compared to a control group of pregnant women who used benzodiazepines during pregnancy => No adequate control group. | |
| Deck, 2015 | other reason | EXCLUDED: Because there is no mention of the antiepileptic drugs types except for malformed cases. |
Deck Epilepsy Behav 2015; 51:166-9 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.07.001 |
| Meyer, 1973 | not relevant exposure | EXCLUDED: No data on benzodiazepines (and analysis in epileptic women). | |
| Levine, 2018 | not relevant exposure | EXCLUDED: Maternal prenatal benzodiazepines use was studied only as a covariate for the association between methadone exposure and poorer developmental outcomes. |
Levine Early Hum Dev 2018; 116:68-75 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2017.11.010 |
| Sundbakk, 2025 | not relevant exposure | EXCLUDED: Analysis of 'Any benzodiazepine and/or z-hypnotic' as a whole without distinction of benzodiazepines. | |
| Pritham, 2012 | not relevant exposure | EXCLUDED: Benzodiazepines studied as a covariate for the Methadone Group Predicting Length of Stay (LOS). |
Pritham J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2012; 41:180-190 10.1111/j.1552-6909.2011.01330.x |
| Wall-Wieler, 2020 | not in pregnancy | EXCLUDED: Exposure defined as women that fill any prescriptions for benzodiazepines in the 90 days before conception. => Not used during pregnancy (half-life: 1-3 days). |
Wall-Wieler Hum Reprod 2020; 35:1685-1692 10.1093/humrep/deaa082 |
| Niebyl, 1985 | not about fetal exposure | EXCLUDED: Urine were screened for Benzodiazepines, at an unknown time, very probably after pregnancy (case-control design) => exposure during pregnancy unknown. | |
| McCarthy, 1999 | not relevant outcome | EXCLUDED: Analysis of birth weights as a continuous outcome (no dichotomous data available). |
McCarthy Eur J Pediatr 1999; 158:748-9 10.1007/s004310051193 |
| Oberlander, 2002 | not relevant outcome | EXCLUDED: non dichotomous outcomes (heart rate, respiratory power answer, ...). |
Oberlander Pediatr Res 2002; 51:443-53 10.1203/00006450-200204000-00008 |
| Zelner, 2015 | not relevant outcome | EXCLUDED: Analysis of poisonings in pregnancy managed by medical toxicologists at the bedside, but without fetal/neonatal/maternal safety data according to the treatment. |
Zelner J Med Toxicol 2015; 11:301-8 10.1007/s13181-015-0467-y |
| Stika, 1990 | data not abstractable | EXCLUDED: Results not usable: means of behavioural score and 95% confidence intervals only available on a graphic and no other details in the text (only conclusion). | |
| Bonnot - BZDs, 2003 | data not abstractable | EXCLUDED: Raw data not sufficient to calculate OR (data for 'control' groups not available) and OR not provided by authors for Benzodiazepines as a whole. | |
| Mattson, 2002 | data not abstractable | EXCLUDED: Not sufficient information provided by authors (BZD exposure was not related to a change in FSIQ score after controlling SES and NIC [adjusted means for BZD = 100.2, CONTROLS = 105.7; F(1,269) = 2.7, P = .099]. => Lack of confidence interval). |
Mattson Neurotoxicol Teratol 2002; 24:359-67 10.1016/s0892-0362(02)00198-8 |
| Brandlistuen, 2017 | data not abstractable | EXCLUDED: Raw data (linear regression coefficient) provided by authors did not allow to calculate an OR. |
Brandlistuen PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181042 10.1371/journal.pone.0181042 |
| Lee, 2024 | data not abstractable | EXCLUDED: data provided by authors (random forest rank and variable importance and random forest Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) values) not abstractable. | |
| Lee, 2021 | data not abstractable | EXCLUDED: results not extractable (authors provided 'Coefficients of determinants from logistic regression for each type of preterm birth' without confidence interval, odd ratio...). |
Lee Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11: 10.3390/diagnostics11030555 |
| Daugaard - Clonazepam (Indications NOS), 2020 | repeat population groups, duplicate reports (most recent study included) | Indications not specified. Overlapping between Bjork 2022 and Daugaard 2020 for Intellectual disabilities (2 outcomes), with more pregnancies in Bjork 2022 because longer study period and 5 countries => use of Bjork 2022 data. |
Daugaard JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3:e2025570 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25570 |
| Eros - 5 BZDs, 2002 | repeat population groups, duplicate reports (most recent study included) | EXCLUDED: Czeizel 2004, Czeizel 2003 and Eros 2002 used the same dataset to assess several benzodiazepines. To avoid redundancy of cases and controls, only the study with the most exposed cases was reported in the meta-analysis of class => Czeizel 2003. |
Eros Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2002; 101:147-54 10.1016/s0301-2115(01)00545-0 |
| Rodriguez Pinilla, 1986 | article unavailable | EXCLUDED: Publication not found despite extensive searches. | |
| Noya, 1981 | article unavailable | EXCLUDED: Publication not found despite extensive searches. | |
| Ohtani, 2016 | article unavailable | EXCLUDED: Publication not found despite extensive searches. |
Ohtani, H. J. Jpn. Epilepsy Soc. 2016; 33:663-. 10.3805/jjes.33.663 |
| Pastuszak, 1996 | article unavailable | EXCLUDED: The full article was not found despite extensive searches, and data available in the abstract cannot be used ('no statistical difference in the rate of malformations, miscarriages, ...'). | |
| Prandi, 2004 | article unavailable | EXCLUDED: Publication not found despite extensive searches. | |
| Wikner, 2007 | Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class | EXCLUDED: Analysis of benzodiazepine (BZD) drugs or hypnotic benzodiazepine receptor agonists (HBRAs) as a whole, without distinction of BZD. |
Wikner Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2007; 16:988-94 10.1002/pds.1391 |
| Wikner, 2007 | Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class | EXCLUDED: Analysis of benzodiazepine (BZD) drugs or hypnotic benzodiazepine receptor agonists (HBRAs) as a whole, without distinction of BZD. |
Wikner Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2007; 16:1203-10 10.1002/pds.1457 |
| Sundbakk, 2022 | Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class | EXCLUDED: Analysis of 'Any benzodiazepine and/or z-hypnotic' as a whole without distinction of benzodiazepines. |
Sundbakk JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2246889 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.46889 |
| Odsbu, 2015 | Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class | EXCLUDED: Analysis of 'Any benzodiazepine and/or z-hypnotic' as a whole without distinction of benzodiazepines. |
Odsbu Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 71:283-91 10.1007/s00228-014-1797-4 |
| Gardner, 1998 | Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class | EXCLUDED: Chlordiazepoxide analysed as a whole with nitrofurantoin and chlorpheniramine, as nitrosatable drug group. | |
| Michielsen, 2014 | Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class | EXCLUDED: analysis of medications (psychotropic drugs, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, anxiolytics and hypnotics) as a whole, without distinction between treatments or subclass of treatments. |
Michielsen, L.A. Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat. 2014; 10:13-. 10.2147/NDT.S53430 |
| Ogunyemi, 2018 | Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class | EXCLUDED: treatments analyses as a whole without distinction between treatments (SSRIs, benzodiazepines, other antidepressants (10.3%) and other medications including serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, antiepileptics and antipsychotics). | |
| Sundbakk, 2019 | Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class | EXCLUDED: Analysis of 'Any benzodiazepine and/or z-hypnotic' as a whole without distinction of benzodiazepines. |
Sundbakk PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217830 10.1371/journal.pone.0217830 |
| Hill, 1974 | Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class | EXCLUDED: Analysis of anticonvulsant group (N = 28) as a whole, without distinction between substances. |
Hill Am J Dis Child 1974; 127:645-53 10.1001/archpedi.1974.02110240031002 |
| Almgren, 2009 | Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class | EXCLUDED: Dichotomous analysis only performed for Any antiepileptics, or carbamazepine ou valproate (but not for clonazepam). |
Almgren Seizure 2009; 18:672-5 10.1016/j.seizure.2009.09.002 |
| Ali, 2014 | Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class | EXCLUDED: Analysis ofI infants of mothers who substance misused (SM) during pregnancy as a whole, without distinction between substances (ecstasy, cocaine, cannabis, morphine, dihydrocodeine, heroin, and/or benzodiazepines). |
Ali Ann Am Thorac Soc 2014; 11:933-8 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201403-124OC |
| Knobbe, 2023 | Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class | EXCLUDED: The exposed group consisted of pregnant women exposed to BDZs and/or hypnotic benzodiazepine receptor agonists (HBRAs), without distinction between the 2 classes. |
Knobbe Br J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 89:3005-3015 10.1111/bcp.15795 |
| Sutter-Dallay, 2015 | Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class | EXCLUDED: Analysis of anxiolytics/hypnotics as a whole without distinction nor details on included substances. |
Sutter-Dallay J Clin Psychiatry 2015; 76:967-73 10.4088/JCP.14m09070 |
| Wikner, 2011 | Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class | EXCLUDED: Analysis of benzodiazepine (BZD) drugs or hypnotic benzodiazepine receptor agonists (HBRAs) as a whole, without distinction of BZD. |
Wikner J Clin Psychopharmacol 2011; 31:356-9 10.1097/JCP.0b013e3182197055 |
| Huitfeldt, 2020 | Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class | EXCLUDED: Analysis of 'Any benzodiazepine and/or z-hypnotic' as a whole without distinction of benzodiazepines. |
Huitfeldt JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3:e205860 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.5860 |
| Kulaga, 2011 | Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class | EXCLUDED: analysis of antiepileptics as a whole, without distinction between substances; and study performed only in women with epilepsy (indication not included in this meta-analysis). |
Kulaga Seizure 2011; 20:667-72 10.1016/j.seizure.2011.06.012 Kulaga, S. Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. 2010; 19:S45-. 10.1002/pds.2019 |
| Sundbakk, 2017 | Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class | EXCLUDED: Analysis of 'Any benzodiazepine and/or z-hypnotic' as a whole without distinction of benzodiazepines. | |
| Sutter-Dallay, 2010 | Studies without separate analysis of the considered drug/class from other drugs/class | EXCLUDED: analysis of psychotropic drugs as a whole, without distinction between substances. |
Sutter-Dallay, A.-L. Ann. Med.-Psychol. 2010; 168:628-. 10.1016/j.amp.2010.07.007 |
| Gerard, 2023 | Review articles, letter to editor, editorial, comments | EXCLUDED: Comment on the Bjork's 2022 study. |
Gerard, E.E. Epilepsy Curr. 2023; 23:14-. 10.1177/15357597221130878 |
| Game, 1999 | Review articles, letter to editor, editorial, comments | EXCLUDED: Comment on the Dolovich's meta-analysis (1998). | |
| Jido, 2012 | Indication not included in this meta-analysis | EXCLUDED: Study performed in an acute pathology of pregnancy, i.e pre-eclampsia (indication not included in this meta-analysis). | |
| Burja, 2006 | Indication not included in this meta-analysis | EXCLUDED: Study performed only in women with epilepsy (indication not included in this meta-analysis). |
Burja, S. Wien. Klin. Wochenschr. 2006; 118:12-. 10.1007/s00508-006-0539-8 |
| Samren, 1999 | Indication not included in this meta-analysis | EXCLUDED: Study performed only in women with epilepsy (indication not included in this meta-analysis). | |
| Czeizel, 2011 | Indication not included in this meta-analysis | EXCLUDED: Study performed only in women with epilepsy (indication not included in this meta-analysis). |
Czeizel, A.E. Open Drug Saf. J. 2011; 2:9-. 10.2174/1876818001102010009 |
| Dreier, 2021 | Indication not included in this meta-analysis | EXCLUDED: Study performed only in women with epilepsy (indication not included in this meta-analysis). | |
| Ugwu, 2011 | Indication not included in this meta-analysis | EXCLUDED: Study performed only in women for an acute illness of pregnancy, i.e severe pre-eclampsia (indication not included in this meta-analysis). |
Ugwu Niger J Clin Pract 2011; 14:418-21 10.4103/1119-3077.91747 |
| Syam, 2016 | Indication not included in this meta-analysis | EXCLUDED: Study performed only in women with epilepsy (indication not included in this meta-analysis). |
Syam, U.K. Ann. Indian Acad. Neurol. 2016; 19:318-. 10.4103/0972-2327.179974 |
| Senel, 2014 | Indication not included in this meta-analysis | EXCLUDED: Study performed in an acute pathology of pregnancy, i.e premedication prior to caesarean section (indication not included in this meta-analysis). |
Senel Braz J Anesthesiol 2014; 64:16-21 10.1016/j.bjane.2012.08.005 |
| Suita, 1999 | Indication not included in this meta-analysis | EXCLUDED: Study performed in an acute pathology of pregnancy, i.e fetal anesthesia for perinatal stabilization in foetus with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) (indication not included in this meta-analysis). |
Suita J Pediatr Surg 1999; 34:1652-7 10.1016/s0022-3468(99)90637-1 |
| Meyers, 2017 | Indication not included in this meta-analysis | EXCLUDED: Study performed in an acute pathology of pregnancy, i.e fetal MRI scans (indication not included in this meta-analysis). | |
| Keni, 2020 | Indication not included in this meta-analysis | EXCLUDED: Study performed only in women with epilepsy (indication not included in this meta-analysis). |
Keni Epilepsy Res 2020; 159:106250 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2019.106250 |
| Van de Velde, 2005 | Indication not included in this meta-analysis | EXCLUDED: Study performed only in women for an acute illness of pregnancy, i.e fetoscopic surgery (indication not included in this meta-analysis). |
Van de Velde Anesth Analg 2005; 101:251-8, table of contents 10.1213/01.ANE.0000156566.62182.AB |
| Ravlo, 1989 | Indication not included in this meta-analysis | EXCLUDED: Study performed only in women for elective cesarean section anesthesia (indication not included in this meta-analysis). | |
| Guveli, 2017 | Indication not included in this meta-analysis | EXCLUDED: Study performed only in women with epilepsy (indication not included in this meta-analysis). |
Guveli Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci 2017; 15:19-27 10.9758/cpn.2017.15.1.19 |
| Thomas, 2011 | Indication not included in this meta-analysis | EXCLUDED: Study performed only in women with epilepsy (indication not included in this meta-analysis). |
Thomas, S.V. Birth Defects Res. Part A Clin. Mol. Teratol. 2011; 91:388-. 10.1002/bdra.20834 |
| Canger, 1997 | Indication not included in this meta-analysis | EXCLUDED: Study performed only in women with epilepsy (indication not included in this meta-analysis). | |
| Thomas, 2008 | Indication not included in this meta-analysis | EXCLUDED: Study performed only in women with epilepsy (indication not included in this meta-analysis). |
Thomas Pediatr Cardiol 2008; 29:604-8 10.1007/s00246-007-9161-4 |
| Sami, 2008 | Indication not included in this meta-analysis | EXCLUDED: Study performed in an acute pathology of pregnancy, i.e eclampsia (indication not included in this meta-analysis). | |
| Thomas,, 2019 | Indication not included in this meta-analysis | EXCLUDED: Study performed only in women with epilepsy (indication not included in this meta-analysis). | |
| Kazandi, 2010 | Indication not included in this meta-analysis | EXCLUDED: Study performed only in women with epilepsy (indication not included in this meta-analysis). |
Kazandi, M. Turk Jinekoloji Obstet. Dernegi Derg. 2010; 7:212-. |
| Trivedi, 2018 | Indication not included in this meta-analysis | EXCLUDED: Study performed in women with epilepsy (indication not included in this meta-analysis). | |
| Diaz-Romero, 1999 | Indication not included in this meta-analysis | EXCLUDED: Study performed only in women with epilepsy (indication not included in this meta-analysis). |
Diaz-Romero Arch Med Res 1999; 30:186-9 10.1016/s0188-0128(99)00007-x |
| Thomas, 2014 | Indication not included in this meta-analysis | EXCLUDED: Study performed in women with epilepsy (indication not included in this meta-analysis). | |
| Vajda, 2012 | Indication not included in this meta-analysis | EXCLUDED: nearly all the pregnancies were in women with epilepsy (98.1%) => Study mainly performed in women with epilepsy (indication not included in this meta-analysis). |
Vajda, F.J.E. Aust. New Zealand J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 2012; 52:49-. 10.1111/j.1479-828X.2011.01359.x |
| Galappatthy, 2018 | Indication not included in this meta-analysis | EXCLUDED: Study performed in women with epilepsy (indication not included in this meta-analysis). |
Galappatthy BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2018; 18:230 10.1186/s12884-018-1857-3 |
| Dravet, 1992 | Indication not included in this meta-analysis | EXCLUDED: Study performed in women with epilepsy (indication not included in this meta-analysis). | |
| Thomas, 2017 | Indication not included in this meta-analysis | EXCLUDED: Study performed in women with epilepsy (indication not included in this meta-analysis). | |
| Kalluru, 2021 | Indication not included in this meta-analysis | EXCLUDED: Study performed in a contexte of acute indication of pregnancy, i.e frozen embryo transfers (indication not included in this meta-analysis). |
Kalluru, S. Fertil. Steril. 2021; 116:e179-. 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.07.492 |
| Gidai, 2008 | Indication not included in this meta-analysis | EXCLUDED: Study performed in a particular context of pregnancy, i.e suicide attempt during pregnancy, with larges doses and acute intoxication with a potential strong impact of maternal health. |
Gidai Toxicol Ind Health 2008; 24:29-39 10.1177/0748233708089019 |
| Gidai, 2010 | Indication not included in this meta-analysis | EXCLUDED: Study performed in a particular context of pregnancy, i.e suicide attempt during pregnancy, with larges doses and acute intoxication with a potential strong impact of maternal health. |
Gidai Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2010; 19:175-82 10.1002/pds.1885 |
| Gidai, 2008 | Indication not included in this meta-analysis | EXCLUDED: Study performed in a particular context of pregnancy, i.e suicide attempt during pregnancy, with larges doses and acute intoxication with a potential strong impact of maternal health. |
Gidai Toxicol Ind Health 2008; 24:41-51 10.1177/0748233708089018 |
| Ditto, 1999 | Indication not included in this meta-analysis | EXCLUDED: Study performed in a particular indication, i.e Hyperemesis gravidarum (indication not included in this meta-analysis). |
Ditto Gynecol Obstet Invest 1999; 48:232-6 10.1159/000010189 |
| Dreier, 2021 | Indication not included in this meta-analysis | EXCLUDED: Study performed only in women with epilepsy (indication not included in this meta-analysis). | |
| Czeizel - Diazepam, 1999 | Indication not included in this meta-analysis | EXCLUDED: Study performed only in women without chronic somatic or mental disorders, and with threatened abortion or preterm labour (indication not included in this meta-analysis). |
Czeizel Neurotoxicol Teratol 1999; 21:157-67 10.1016/s0892-0362(98)00043-9 |
| Rallabhandi, 2023 | Indication not included in this meta-analysis | EXCLUDED: Study performed only in women with epilepsy (indication not included in this meta-analysis). |
Rallabhandi, S. J. Cardiovasc. Dis. Res. 2023; 14:1424-. 10.48047/jcdr.2023.14.09.151 |
| Trivedi, 2018 | Indication not included in this meta-analysis | EXCLUDED: Study performed in women with epilepsy (indication not included in this meta-analysis). |
Trivedi Epilepsy Res 2018; 146:50-53 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2018.07.016 |
| Nakane, 1980 | Indication not included in this meta-analysis | EXCLUDED: Related to diazepam or chlordiazepoxide in epileptic women (indication excluded of the diazepam and chlordiazepoxide meta-analysis). |
Nakane Epilepsia 1980; 21:663-80 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1980.tb04320.x |
| Wachman, 2018 | Indication not included in this meta-analysis | EXCLUDED: analysis of Benzodiazepines in pregnant women with opioid use disorder (OUD) (indication not included in this meta-analysis). |
Wachman Drug Alcohol Depend 2018; 192:45-50 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.07.024 |
| Robert, 1986 | Indication not included in this meta-analysis | EXCLUDED: Related to diazepam in epileptic women (indication excluded of the diazepam meta-analysis) (Of note 1 exposed pregnancy). | |
| Artama, 2011 | Indication not included in this meta-analysis | EXCLUSION: Study specifically conducted in women with epilepsy. |
Artama Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. 2011; 20:S43-. 10.1002/pds.2206 |
| Dreier, 2024 | Indication not included in this meta-analysis | EXCLUDED: Study performed only in women with epilepsy (indication not included in this meta-analysis). |
Dreier JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2356425 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.56425 |
| Czeizel, 1992 | Indication not included in this meta-analysis | EXCLUDED: Study performed only in women with epilepsy (indication not included in this meta-analysis). | |
| Kochen, 2011 | Indication not included in this meta-analysis | EXCLUDED: Study performed only in women with epilepsy (indication not included in this meta-analysis). |
Kochen, S. Open Neurol. J. 2011; 5:63-. 10.2174/1874205X01105010063 |
| Vajda, 2024 | Indication not included in this meta-analysis | EXCLUDED: Analysis of 'Any benzodiazepine and/or z-hypnotic' as a whole without distinction of benzodiazepines. |
Vajda Epilepsy Res 2024; 200:107316 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2024.107316 |
| Brandao, 2024 | Indication not included in this meta-analysis | EXCLUDED: Study performed in a particular indication, i.e embryo transfer (indication not included in this meta-analysis). |
Brandao J Assist Reprod Genet 2024; 41:2379-2383 10.1007/s10815-024-03206-6 |
| Anithadevi, 2023 | Indication not included in this meta-analysis | EXCLUDED: Study performed only in women with epilepsy (indication not included in this meta-analysis). |
Anithadevi, J. Res. J. Pharm., Biol. Chem. Sci. 2023; 14:425-. 10.33887/rjpbcs/2023.14.4.52 |
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