Hydroxychloroquine (All indications except Antiphospholipid Syndrom)

Preterm (< 37 weeks)

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S13645
R52898		 Bérard, 2021 Preterm birth (deliveries before the 37th week of gestation) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) nested case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Indication HCQ: Any or not specified 1.29 [0.67;2.50] 13/103   15,019/230,972 15,032 103
ref
Total 1 studies 1.29 [0.67;2.49] 15,032 103
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Bérard, 2021Bérard, 2021 1.29[0.67; 2.50]15,0321030%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate0.55.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0 case control studiescase control studies 1.29[0.67; 2.49]15,032103 -NABérard, 2021 1 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.29[0.67; 2.49]15,032103 -NABérard, 2021 1 Tags Adjustment   - Yes  - Yes 1.29[0.67; 2.49]15,032103 -NABérard, 2021 1 Indication HCQ   - Any or not specified  - Any or not specified 1.29[0.67; 2.49]15,032103 -NABérard, 2021 1 All studiesAll studies 1.29[0.67; 2.49]15,032103 -NABérard, 2021 10.55.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 2.05[1.17; 3.59]30,43975767%NAChambers (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2022 Andersson (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2021 Bérard, 2021 Diav-Citrin, 2013 Vroom (controls unexposed, disease free), 2009 5 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 0.80[0.64; 1.01]8521,40135%NAChambers (Controls unexposed, sick), 2022 Reynolds, 2022 Tang, 2022 Canti, 2021 Liu, 2021 Louthrenoo, 2021 Abd Rahman, 2020 Baalbaki, 2020 Do, 2020 Haase, 2020 Mollerach, 2019 Seo, 2019 Kroese, 2017 Leroux, 2015 Cooper (controls unexposed, sick), 2014 Al Arfaj, 2010 Clowse, 2006 Chakravarty, 2005 Tincani, 2005 Costedoat-Chalumeau, 2003 Buchanan, 1996 21 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls 1.13[0.56; 2.29]15350153%NAAndersson (Controls exposed to corticosteroides), 2021 Cooper (controls exposed to TNF-I), 2014 Vroom (controls exposed to sulfasalazine), 2009 30.510.01.0

Umbrella review (other published meta-analyses)

Published MATE95% CIn exposedkI2Control groupExposition period Clowse (All SLE (lupus) pregnancies)Clowse (All SLE (lupus) pregnancies) 0.68[0.39; 1.18]NA-whatever (meta-analysis)during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)studies7 Duan (SLE indication)Duan (SLE indication) 0.55[0.36; 0.86]41%-unexposed, sickthroughout pregnancystudies8 Guillotin (SLE indication)Guillotin (SLE indication) 0.54[0.26; 1.15]54%-whatever (meta-analysis)throughout pregnancystudies6 Kaplan (All indications)Kaplan (All indications) 1.75[0.95; 3.24]72%-whatever (meta-analysis)at least 1st trimesterstudies5 Naveau (SLE indication)Naveau (SLE indication) 0.61[0.40; 0.93]47%-whatever (meta-analysis)during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)studies-9 Sperber (Autoimmune diseases)Sperber (Autoimmune diseases) 1.08[0.74; 1.57]0%-whatever (meta-analysis)during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)studies4 metaPregmetaPreg 1.29[0.67; 2.49]NaN%103--Bérard, 2021 10.510.01.0