Carbamazepine (All indications)

Polydactyly

id	Study   Auto Tomson (Carbamazepine), 2018Källén (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick) (Indications NOS), 2013Källén (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, NOS) (Indications NOS), 2013Bànhidy (Carbamazepine), 2011Viinikainen (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick) a, 2006D'Souza (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 1991D'Souza (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 1991	Lib. in paper	Exposition period  Auto during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)1st trimester2nd trimester3rd trimester2nd and/or 3rd trimesterthroughout pregnancyearly pregnancydays before deliverylate pregnancypreconception-onlypericonceptionalpreconceptional for kinetic reasonat least 1st trimester3 months (or more) before pregnancy or during pregnancy1st and 2nd trimester3 months or more before pregnancy or1st trimester	Study type  All studies Case control excluded Only case control	Control type    Auto unexposed (general population or NOS)unexposed, sickunexposed, disease freeexposed to other treatment, sicknot specifiedwhatever (meta-analysis)	Tags	OR 95%CI	x1/n1 x0/n0	no cases	no exposed	ROB	Ref.
S9678 R34454	Tomson (Carbamazepine), 2018	Polydactyly	at least 1st trimester	prospective cohort	exposed to other treatment, sick	Adjustment: No	6.43 [0.31;134.02] C	2/1,957   0/2,514	2	1,957		ref
S9625 R34229	Källén (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick) (Indications NOS), 2013	Poly/syndactyly	early pregnancy	population based cohort retrospective	exposed to other treatment, sick excluded	Adjustment: No	1.20 [0.29;5.02] C excluded (control group)	5/1,511   3/1,084	8	1,511		ref
S9626 R34237	Källén (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, NOS) (Indications NOS), 2013	Poly/syndactyly	early pregnancy	population based cohort retrospective	unexposed (general population or NOS)	Adjustment: Yes	1.45 [0.47;3.38]	5/1,511   3,084/1,575,847	3,089	1,511		ref
S9653 R34362	Bànhidy (Carbamazepine), 2011	Poly/syndactyly	throughout pregnancy	case control	unexposed, sick	Adjustment: No Matched	0.30 [0.01;8.33] C	0/10   2/12	2	10		ref
S9648 R34334	Viinikainen (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick) a, 2006	Polydactyly	throughout pregnancy	prospective cohort	unexposed, sick	Adjustment: No	2.19 [0.09;54.89] C	1/72   0/52	1	72		ref
S9612 R34088	D'Souza (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 1991	Extra digits	throughout pregnancy	prospective cohort	unexposed, disease free excluded	Adjustment: No Matched	123.00 [3.40;4444.20] C excluded (control group)	1/3   0/62	1	3		ref
S9613 R34117	D'Souza (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 1991	Extra digits	throughout pregnancy	prospective cohort	unexposed, sick	Adjustment: No	15.00 [0.39;576.73] C	1/3   0/8	1	3		ref
					Total	5 studies	1.71 [0.74;3.99]		3,095	3,553
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

Sensitivity analysis

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 9612, 9625