Furosemide (versus unexposed) updated on 03-11-2025

Congenital heart defects

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S17838
R75309		 Czeizel, 1999 Cardiovascular congenital abnormalities 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Indications Antihypertensive: All hypertensions, any indications or not specified Matched 1.20 [0.30;5.30] 2/17   4,464/42,600 4,466 17
ref
Total 1 studies 1.20 [0.29;5.04] 4,466 17
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Czeizel, 1999Czeizel, 1999 1.20[0.30; 5.30]4,466170%ROB confusion: unclearROB selection: criticalROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate0.55.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0 case control studiescase control studies 1.20[0.29; 5.04]4,46617 -NACzeizel, 1999 1 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.20[0.29; 5.04]4,46617 -NACzeizel, 1999 1 Tags Adjustment   - Yes  - Yes 1.20[0.29; 5.04]4,46617 -NACzeizel, 1999 1 Indications Antihypertensive   - All hypertensions, any indications ...  - All hypertensions, any indications or not specified 1.20[0.29; 5.04]4,46617 -NACzeizel, 1999 1 MatchedMatched 1.20[0.29; 5.04]4,46617 -NACzeizel, 1999 1 All studiesAll studies 1.20[0.29; 5.04]4,46617 -NACzeizel, 1999 10.55.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.20[0.29; 5.04]4,46617 -NACzeizel, 1999 10.510.01.0