Furosemide (versus unexposed) updated on 03-11-2025

Major congenital malformations

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S17838
R75299		 Czeizel, 1999 Congenital malformations 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Indications Antihypertensive: All hypertensions, any indications or not specified Matched 1.60 [0.80;3.30] 14/29   22,851/60,987 22,865 29
ref
Total 1 studies 1.60 [0.79;3.25] 22,865 29
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Czeizel, 1999Czeizel, 1999 1.60[0.80; 3.30]22,865290%ROB confusion: unclearROB selection: criticalROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate0.55.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0 case control studiescase control studies 1.60[0.79; 3.25]22,86529 -NACzeizel, 1999 1 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.60[0.79; 3.25]22,86529 -NACzeizel, 1999 1 Tags Adjustment   - Yes  - Yes 1.60[0.79; 3.25]22,86529 -NACzeizel, 1999 1 Indications Antihypertensive   - All hypertensions, any indications ...  - All hypertensions, any indications or not specified 1.60[0.79; 3.25]22,86529 -NACzeizel, 1999 1 MatchedMatched 1.60[0.79; 3.25]22,86529 -NACzeizel, 1999 1 All studiesAll studies 1.60[0.79; 3.25]22,86529 -NACzeizel, 1999 10.55.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.60[0.79; 3.25]22,86529 -NACzeizel, 1999 10.510.01.0