Atenolol (versus unexposed) updated on 12-17-2024

Low birth weight (< 2500g)

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S13911
R54409		 Duan, 2018 Low birth weight (birth weight <2500g) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No Indications Antihypertensive: All hypertensions, any indications or not specified 4.03 [3.29;4.93] C 115/638   19,393/374,391 19,508 638
ref
S14241
R55944		 Ishibashi, 2017 Low birthweight infants (birth weight less than 2500 kg) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No Indications Antihypertensive: Only cardiac indications other than hypertension (long QT syndrome, structural heart disease, ...) 5.44 [0.10;286.38] C 1/1   14/87 15 1
ref
S14363
R56868		 Orbach, 2013 Low birthweight (< 2500 g) 3rd trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed, disease free Adjustment: Yes Indications Antihypertensive: All hypertensions, any indications or not specified 3.89 [2.42;6.25] 25/107   10,001/97,820 10,026 107
ref
Total 3 studies 4.01 [3.33;4.83] 29,549 746
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Duan, 2018Duan, 2018 4.03[3.29; 4.93]19,50863884%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Ishibashi, 2017Ishibashi, 2017 5.44[0.10; 286.38]1510%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: low Orbach, 2013Orbach, 2013 3.89[2.42; 6.25]10,02610715%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Total (3 studies) I2 = 0% 4.01[3.33; 4.83]29,5497460.920.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 4.01[3.33; 4.83]29,5497460%NADuan, 2018 Ishibashi, 2017 Orbach, 2013 3 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 4.00[3.32; 4.82]29,5347450%NADuan, 2018 Orbach, 2013 2 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 5.44[0.10; 286.38]151 -NAIshibashi, 2017 1 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 4.03[3.29; 4.93]19,5236390%NADuan, 2018 Ishibashi, 2017 2   - Yes  - Yes 3.89[2.42; 6.25]10,026107 -NAOrbach, 2013 1 Indications Antihypertensive   - All hypertensions, any indications ...  - All hypertensions, any indications or not specified 4.00[3.32; 4.82]29,5347450%NADuan, 2018 Orbach, 2013 2   - Only cardiac indications other than ...  - Only cardiac indications other than hypertension (long QT syndrome, structural heart disease, ...) 5.44[0.10; 286.38]151 -NAIshibashi, 2017 1 All studiesAll studies 4.01[3.33; 4.83]29,5497460%NADuan, 2018 Ishibashi, 2017 Orbach, 2013 30.520.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 4.00[3.32; 4.82]29,5347450%NADuan, 2018 Orbach, 2013 2 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 5.44[0.10; 286.38]151 -NAIshibashi, 2017 10.510.01.0