Citalopram updated on 07-01-2025

Neural Tube Defects

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S7471
R22300		 Anderson, 2020 Any neural tube defect 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Monotherapy: substance alone among all Antidep (SSRI, SNRI, ...) 0.66 [0.23;1.84] -/-   0/- - -
ref
S7351
R21526		 Wemakor, 2015 Neural tube defects 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No Monotherapy: substance alone among all Antidep (SSRI, SNRI, ...) 1.29 [0.30;5.54] C 2/22   1,320/18,383 1,322 22
ref
S6241
R16481		 Malm, 2011 Neural tube defects 1st trimester population based cohort retrospective unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Monotherapy: no or not specified 2.46 [1.20;5.07] -/2,799   -/628,607 - 2,799
ref
S6161
R16201		 Louik, 2007 Neural-tube defects 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No Monotherapy: substance alone among the specific class of antidep (SSRI, SNRI, ...) 0.59 [0.04;9.88] C 0/15   320/6,165 320 15
ref
Total 4 studies 1.32 [0.62;2.82] 1,642 2,836
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Anderson, 2020Anderson, 2020 0.66[0.23; 1.84]--30%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Wemakor, 2015Wemakor, 2015 1.29[0.30; 5.54]1,3222220%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Malm, 2011Malm, 2011 2.46[1.20; 5.07]-2,79943%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Louik, 2007Louik, 2007 0.59[0.04; 9.88]320157%ROB confusion: moderateROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Total (4 studies) I2 = 36% 1.32[0.62; 2.82]1,6422,8360.25.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 2.46[1.20; 5.06]-2,799 -NAMalm, 2011 1 case control studiescase control studies 0.81[0.36; 1.81]1,642370%NAAnderson, 2020 Wemakor, 2015 Louik, 2007 3 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.32[0.62; 2.82]1,6422,83636%NAAnderson, 2020 Wemakor, 2015 Malm, 2011 Louik, 2007 4 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 1.10[0.30; 3.99]1,642370%NAWemakor, 2015 Louik, 2007 2   - Yes  - Yes 1.35[0.37; 4.87]-2,79976%NAAnderson, 2020 Malm, 2011 2 Monotherapy   - no or not specified  - no or not specified 2.46[1.20; 5.06]-2,799 -NAMalm, 2011 1   - substance alone among all Antidep ( ...  - substance alone among all Antidep (SSRI, SNRI, ...) 0.83[0.36; 1.93]1,322220%NAAnderson, 2020 Wemakor, 2015 2   - substance alone among the specific ...  - substance alone among the specific class of antidep (SSRI, SNRI, ...) 0.59[0.04; 9.88]32015 -NALouik, 2007 1 All studiesAll studies 1.32[0.62; 2.82]1,6422,83636%NAAnderson, 2020 Wemakor, 2015 Malm, 2011 Louik, 2007 40.25.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot
0.0-3.43.71.7260.000Anderson, 2020Wemakor, 2015Malm, 2011Louik, 2007

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot
0.01.00.01.0

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.32[0.62; 2.82]1,6422,83636%NAAnderson, 2020 Wemakor, 2015 Malm, 2011 Louik, 2007 40.510.01.0

Umbrella review (other published meta-analyses)

Published MAControlPeriodTE95% CIn exposedkI2 Reefhuis (Neural tube defects)Reefhuis (Neural tube defects) 1.80[1.00; 3.00]NA-Wwhatever (meta-analysis)Anyduring pregnancy (anytime or not specified)studies TTT2 metaPregmetaPreg 1.32[0.62; 2.82]36%2,836----Anderson, 2020 Wemakor, 2015 Malm, 2011 Louik, 2007 40.510.01.0