Citalopram updated on 07-01-2025

Ventricular septal defect

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S7471
R22296		 Anderson, 2020 Ventricular septal defect (VSD) – perimembranous type 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Monotherapy: substance alone among all Antidep (SSRI, SNRI, ...) 1.11 [0.47;2.63] -/-   0/- - -
ref
S7351
R21515		 Wemakor, 2015 Ventricular septal defect 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Monotherapy: substance alone among all Antidep (SSRI, SNRI, ...) 0.63 [0.24;1.70] 5/25   6,162/23,225 6,167 25
ref
S6014
R15485		 Jimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2012 Ventricular septal defects 1st trimester population based cohort retrospective unexposed (general population or NOS) excluded Adjustment: Yes Monotherapy: substance alone among the specific class of antidep (SSRI, SNRI, ...) 1.41 [0.67;2.96]
excluded (control group) 		7/1,606   2,803/843,797 2,810 1,606
ref
S6019
R15596		 Jimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012 Ventricular septal defects 1st trimester population based cohort retrospective unexposed, sick Adjustment: No Monotherapy: substance alone among the specific class of antidep (SSRI, SNRI, ...) Unexposed sick: intermediate history of illness/treatment (3-12 months before pregnancy) 0.39 [0.14;1.04] C 7/1,606   9/806 16 1,606
ref
S6241
R16478		 Malm, 2011 Ventricular septal defects 1st trimester population based cohort retrospective unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Monotherapy: no or not specified 1.27 [0.91;1.78] 36/2,799   5,465/628,607 5,501 2,799
ref
Total 4 studies 0.87 [0.51;1.49] 11,684 4,430
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Anderson, 2020Anderson, 2020 1.11[0.47; 2.63]--22%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Wemakor, 2015Wemakor, 2015 0.63[0.24; 1.70]6,1672519%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Jimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012Jimenez-Solem, 2012 1 0.39[0.14; 1.04]161,60618%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: critical Malm, 2011Malm, 2011 1.27[0.91; 1.78]5,5012,79942%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: lowROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Total (4 studies) I2 = 51% 0.87[0.51; 1.49]11,6844,4300.25.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Controls unexposed, sick;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0.77[0.24; 2.43]5,5174,40580%NAJimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012 Malm, 2011 2 case control studiescase control studies 0.87[0.45; 1.65]6,167250%NAAnderson, 2020 Wemakor, 2015 2 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.17[0.87; 1.58]11,6682,8240%NAAnderson, 2020 Wemakor, 2015 Malm, 2011 3 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 0.39[0.14; 1.04]161,606 -NAJimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012 1 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 0.39[0.14; 1.04]161,606 -NAJimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012 1   - Yes  - Yes 1.17[0.87; 1.58]11,6682,8240%NAAnderson, 2020 Wemakor, 2015 Malm, 2011 3 Monotherapy   - no or not specified  - no or not specified 1.27[0.91; 1.78]5,5012,799 -NAMalm, 2011 1   - substance alone among all Antidep ( ...  - substance alone among all Antidep (SSRI, SNRI, ...) 0.87[0.45; 1.65]6,167250%NAAnderson, 2020 Wemakor, 2015 2   - substance alone among the specific ...  - substance alone among the specific class of antidep (SSRI, SNRI, ...) 0.39[0.14; 1.04]161,606 -NAJimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012 1 Unexposed sick   - intermediate history of illness/tre ...  - intermediate history of illness/treatment (3-12 months before pregnancy) 0.39[0.14; 1.04]161,606 -NAJimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012 1 All studiesAll studies 0.87[0.51; 1.49]11,6844,43051%NAAnderson, 2020 Wemakor, 2015 Jimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012 Malm, 2011 40.15.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot
0.0-1.21.10.6070.000Anderson, 2020Wemakor, 2015Jimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012Malm, 2011

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot
0.01.00.01.0

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 6014

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.20[0.91; 1.58]14,4784,4300%NAAnderson, 2020 Wemakor, 2015 Jimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2012 Malm, 2011 4 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls Out of scale0.39[0.14; 1.04]161,606 -NAJimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012 10.510.01.0

Umbrella review (other published meta-analyses)

Published MAControlPeriodTE95% CIn exposedkI2 Reefhuis (Ventricular septal defects)Reefhuis (Ventricular septal defects) 1.30[0.90; 1.80]NA-Wwhatever (meta-analysis)Anyduring pregnancy (anytime or not specified)studies TTT2 metaPregmetaPreg 0.87[0.51; 1.49]51%4,430----Anderson, 2020 Wemakor, 2015 Jimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012 Malm, 2011 40.510.01.0