| id | Study | Lib. in paper | Exposition period | Study type |
Control type |
Tags | OR 95%CI | x1/n1 x0/n0 | no cases | no exposed | ROB | Ref. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S19389 R82359 |
Honybun (Controls exposed to LTG) (Carbamazepine) (Epilepsy), 2026 | Academic Outcomes: Word reading - Wide Range Achievement Test–Fifth Edition - Children aged 3–18 years (mean age about 10 years) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | prospective cohort | exposed to other treatment, sick excluded | Adjustment: No extrapolated (cont. endpoint) |
1.23 [0.35;4.29] excluded (control group) |
-/14 -/19 | - | 14 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S19304 R81728 |
Honybun (Controls unexposed, sick) (Carbamazepine) (Epilepsy), 2026 | Academic Outcomes: Sentence comprehension - Wide Range Achievement Test–Fifth Edition - Children aged 3–18 years (mean age about 10 years) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | prospective cohort | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: No extrapolated (cont. endpoint) | 6.37 [1.46;27.69] | -/14 -/13 | - | 14 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S19377 R82255 |
Straub (Controls exposed to LTG) (Carbamazepine) (Epilepsy), 2026 | Learning difficulty - ICD-10 codes: F81.0, F81.2, F81.8x, R48.0 - Mean follow up (full cohort): 3.4 years | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | retrospective cohort (claims database) | exposed to other treatment, sick excluded | Adjustment: No |
2.30 [1.05;5.06] C excluded (control group) |
13/1,548 12/3,273 | 25 | 1,548 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S19368 R82111 |
Straub (Controls unexposed, sick) (Carbamazepine) (Epilepsy), 2026 | Learning difficulty - ICD-10 codes: F81.0, F81.2, F81.8x, R48.0 - Mean follow up (full cohort): 3.4 years | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | retrospective cohort (claims database) | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: Yes | 0.96 [0.49;1.89] | 13/1,548 43/8,887 | 56 | 1,548 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S15370 R63263 |
Ren (Carbamazepine) (Mixed indications), 2023 | Mathematics at 9th grade - Mean age 16.1 (SD 0.4) years | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | population based cohort propective | unexposed (general population or NOS) | Adjustment: Yes extrapolated (cont. endpoint) | 1.36 [0.99;1.87] | -/290 -/370,569 | - | 290 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S9719 R34591 |
Forsberg (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed NOS), 2011 | School grades: Mathematics - not passed (at 16 years) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | retrospective cohort (registry) | unexposed (general population or NOS) excluded | Adjustment: No |
1.60 [0.99;2.56] excluded (control group) |
31/160 200,988/1,188,726 | 201,019 | 160 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S9969 R35835 |
Forsberg (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2011 | School grades: Sports - not passed (at 16 years) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | retrospective cohort (registry) | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: No | 0.93 [0.51;1.70] C | 24/157 26/160 | 50 | 157 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S9740 R34702 |
Van der Pol (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 1991 | Poor arithmetic (Dutch test) | throughout pregnancy | prospective cohort | unexposed, disease free excluded | Adjustment: No Matched |
0.92 [0.04;21.20] C excluded (control group) |
0/8 2/37 | 2 | 8 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S9741 R34727 |
Van der Pol (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 1991 | Poor arithmetic (Dutch test) | throughout pregnancy | prospective cohort | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: No | 0.51 [0.02;14.28] C | 0/8 1/13 | 1 | 8 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 5 studies | 1.25 [0.82;1.92] | 107 | 2,017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1: Controls unexposed, sick) (Carbamazepine) (Epilepsy; 2: Controls unexposed, sick) (Carbamazepine) (Epilepsy; 3: Carbamazepine) (Mixed indications; 4: Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick; 5: Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick;
Asymetry test p-value = 0.8716 (by Egger's regression)
slope=0.1803 (0.3466); intercept=0.2096 (1.1912); t=0.1759; p=0.8716
excluded 9740, 9719, 19389, 19377