Phenytoin (All indications)

Polydactyly

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S9246
R32082		 Tomson (Phenytoin), 2018 Polydactyly at least 1st trimester prospective cohort exposed to other treatment, sick Adjustment: No 20.19 [0.40;1021.73] C 0/125   0/2,514 0 125
ref
S9225
R32022		 Bànhidy (Phenytoin), 2011 Poly/syndactyly throughout pregnancy case control unexposed, sick Adjustment: No Matched 0.16 [0.01;4.37] C 0/19   2/12 2 19
ref
S9220
R31993		 Viinikainen (Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, sick) a, 2006 Polydactyly throughout pregnancy prospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No 34.33 [0.49;2389.88] C 0/2   0/52 0 2
ref
S9194
R31842		 D'Souza (Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 1991 Extra digits throughout pregnancy prospective cohort unexposed, disease free excluded Adjustment: No Matched 9.00 [0.35;229.68] C
excluded (control group) 		1/22   0/62 1 22
ref
S9195
R31871		 D'Souza (Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, sick), 1991 Extra digits throughout pregnancy prospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No 1.10 [0.04;30.00] C 1/22   0/8 1 22
ref
Total 4 studies 2.60 [0.22;30.36] 3 168
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Tomson (Phenytoin), 2018Tomson, 2018 1 20.19[0.40; 1021.73]012523%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Bànhidy (Phenytoin), 2011Bànhidy, 2011 2 0.16[0.01; 4.37]21928%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: lowROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Viinikainen (Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, sick) a, 2006Viinikainen, 2006 3 34.33[0.49; 2389.88]0221%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate D'Souza (Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, sick), 1991D'Souza, 1991 4 1.10[0.04; 30.00]12228%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Total (4 studies) I2 = 45% 2.60[0.22; 30.36]31680.0100.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Phenytoin; 2: Phenytoin; 3: Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, sick) ; 4: Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, sick;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 6.63[0.75; 59.00]11491%NATomson (Phenytoin), 2018 Viinikainen (Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, sick) a, 2006 D'Souza (Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, sick), 1991 3 case control studiescase control studies 0.16[0.01; 4.37]219 -NABànhidy (Phenytoin), 2011 1 Type of controls unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 1.42[0.08; 24.72]34348%NABànhidy (Phenytoin), 2011 Viinikainen (Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, sick) a, 2006 D'Souza (Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, sick), 1991 3 exposed to other treatment, sickexposed to other treatment, sick 20.19[0.40; 1021.73]-125 -NATomson (Phenytoin), 2018 1 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 2.60[0.22; 30.36]316845%NATomson (Phenytoin), 2018 Bànhidy (Phenytoin), 2011 Viinikainen (Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, sick) a, 2006 D'Souza (Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, sick), 1991 4 MatchedMatched 0.16[0.01; 4.37]219 -NABànhidy (Phenytoin), 2011 1 All studiesAll studies 2.60[0.22; 30.36]316845%NATomson (Phenytoin), 2018 Bànhidy (Phenytoin), 2011 Viinikainen (Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, sick) a, 2006 D'Souza (Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, sick), 1991 40.0100.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot
0.0-5.16.02.5980.000Tomson (Phenytoin), 2018Bànhidy (Phenytoin), 2011Viinikainen (Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, sick) a, 2006D'Souza (Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, sick), 1991

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot
0.01.00.01.0

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 9194

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 9.00[0.35; 229.68]122 -NAD'Souza (Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 1991 1 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 1.42[0.08; 24.72]34348%NABànhidy (Phenytoin), 2011 Viinikainen (Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, sick) a, 2006 D'Souza (Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, sick), 1991 3 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls Out of scale20.19[0.40; 1021.73]-125 -NATomson (Phenytoin), 2018 10.510.01.0