Phenytoin (All indications)

Spina bifida

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S10301
R37754		 Vajda (Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2013 Spina bifida at least 1st trimester prospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No 3.37 [0.07;172.23] C 0/44   0/147 0 44
ref
S9220
R31991		 Viinikainen (Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, sick) a, 2006 Spina bifida throughout pregnancy prospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No 34.33 [0.49;2389.88] C 0/2   0/52 0 2
ref
S9224
R32002		 Artama (Phenytoin), 2005 Spina bifida 1st trimester retrospective cohort (registry) unexposed, sick Adjustment: No 25.03 [0.49;1278.58] C 0/38   0/939 0 38
ref
S9228
R32030		 Czeizel (Phenytoin), 1992 Spina bifida throughout pregnancy case control unexposed, sick Adjustment: No 0.19 [0.01;3.90] C 1/17   1/4 2 17
ref
Total 4 studies 3.70 [0.29;47.79] 2 101
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Vajda (Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2013Vajda, 2013 1 3.37[0.07; 172.23]04424%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Viinikainen (Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, sick) a, 2006Viinikainen, 2006 2 34.33[0.49; 2389.88]0222%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Artama (Phenytoin), 2005Artama, 2005 3 25.03[0.49; 1278.58]03824%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Czeizel (Phenytoin), 1992Czeizel, 1992 4 0.19[0.01; 3.90]21731%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Total (4 studies) I2 = 46% 3.70[0.29; 47.79]21010.0100.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, sick; 2: Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, sick) ; 3: Phenytoin; 4: Phenytoin;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 13.65[1.33; 139.80]-840%NAVajda (Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2013 Viinikainen (Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, sick) a, 2006 Artama (Phenytoin), 2005 3 case control studiescase control studies 0.19[0.01; 3.90]217 -NACzeizel (Phenytoin), 1992 1 Type of controls unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 3.70[0.29; 47.79]210146%NAVajda (Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2013 Viinikainen (Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, sick) a, 2006 Artama (Phenytoin), 2005 Czeizel (Phenytoin), 1992 4 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 3.70[0.29; 47.79]210146%NAVajda (Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2013 Viinikainen (Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, sick) a, 2006 Artama (Phenytoin), 2005 Czeizel (Phenytoin), 1992 4 All studiesAll studies 3.70[0.29; 47.79]210146%NAVajda (Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2013 Viinikainen (Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, sick) a, 2006 Artama (Phenytoin), 2005 Czeizel (Phenytoin), 1992 40.0100.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot
0.0-5.16.42.5980.000Vajda (Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2013Viinikainen (Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, sick) a, 2006Artama (Phenytoin), 2005Czeizel (Phenytoin), 1992

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot
0.01.00.01.0

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 3.70[0.29; 47.79]210146%NAVajda (Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2013 Viinikainen (Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, sick) a, 2006 Artama (Phenytoin), 2005 Czeizel (Phenytoin), 1992 40.510.01.0