Phenobarbital (All indications)

Low birth weight (< 2500g)

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S9160
R31484		 Coste (Phenobarbital) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2020 Weight at birth <2500 g during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: No Controls: mixed indications 2.56 [1.36;4.81] C
excluded (control group) 		12/84   172/2,813 184 84
ref
S9161
R31502		 Coste (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020 Weight at birth <2500 g during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No 2.95 [1.60;5.44] C 12/84   91,455/1,710,441 91,467 84
ref
S9138
R31381		 Kilic (Phenobarbital) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick) (Mixed indications), 2014 Low birth weight (< 2500 g) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort retrospective exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: No 1.78 [0.85;3.76] C
excluded (control group) 		9/96   48/876 57 96
ref
S9139
R31384		 Kilic (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed NOS) (Mixed indications), 2014 Low birth weight (< 2500 g) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort retrospective unexposed (general population or NOS) excluded Adjustment: No 2.70 [1.40;5.00]
excluded (control group) 		9/96   23,503/673,844 23,512 96
ref
S9140
R31387		 Kilic (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick) (Mixed indications), 2014 Low birth weight (< 2500 g) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort retrospective unexposed, sick Adjustment: No Controls: epilepsy indication 2.09 [1.04;4.20] C 9/96   249/5,275 258 96
ref
Total 2 studies 2.54 [1.60;4.02] 91,725 180
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Coste (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020Coste, 2020 1 2.95[1.60; 5.44]91,4678457%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Kilic (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick) (Mixed indications), 2014Kilic, 2014 2 2.09[1.04; 4.20]2589643%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Total (2 studies) I2 = 0% 2.54[1.60; 4.02]91,7251800.910.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, NOS; 2: Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick) (Mixed indications;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 2.54[1.60; 4.02]91,7251800%NACoste (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020 Kilic (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick) (Mixed indications), 2014 2 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 2.95[1.60; 5.44]91,46784 -NACoste (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020 1 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 2.09[1.04; 4.20]25896 -NAKilic (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick) (Mixed indications), 2014 1 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 2.54[1.60; 4.02]91,7251800%NACoste (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020 Kilic (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick) (Mixed indications), 2014 2 Controls   - epilepsy indication  - epilepsy indication 2.09[1.04; 4.20]25896 -NAKilic (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick) (Mixed indications), 2014 1 All studiesAll studies 2.54[1.60; 4.02]91,7251800%NACoste (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020 Kilic (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick) (Mixed indications), 2014 20.510.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 9138, 9139, 9160

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 2.83[1.82; 4.39]114,9791800%NACoste (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020 Kilic (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed NOS) (Mixed indications), 2014 2 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 2.09[1.04; 4.20]25896 -NAKilic (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick) (Mixed indications), 2014 1 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls 2.20[1.36; 3.56]2411800%NACoste (Phenobarbital) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2020 Kilic (Phenobarbital) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick) (Mixed indications), 2014 20.510.01.0