id | Study | Lib. in paper | Exposition period | Study type |
Control type |
Tags | OR 95%CI | x1/n1 x0/n0 | no cases | no exposed | ROB | Ref. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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S12892 R48716 |
Adams (Phenobarbital), 2022 | Verbal IQ - The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 3rd Edition (WISC-III) (mean >6 years old) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | retrospective cohort | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: No Matched | 3.33 [1.37;8.07] | -/34 -/34 | - | 34 |
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ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S15273 R62782 |
Thomas (Phenobarbitone), 2022 | Verbal IQ/Verbal comprehension index (VCI) - Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children or Adult - Ages 13 to 21 years (mean of 16.5 ± 2.2 years) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | prospective cohort | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: No extrapolated (cont. endpoint) | 2.58 [0.57;11.73] | -/12 -/11 | - | 12 |
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ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S9160 R31493 |
Coste (Phenobarbital) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2020 | Health care utilization: Speech therapy (mean age of 3.6 years old) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | retrospective cohort (claims database) | exposed to other treatment, sick excluded | Adjustment: No Controls: mixed indications |
1.63 [0.74;3.59] C excluded (control group) |
7/84 149/2,813 | 156 | 84 |
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ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S9161 R31511 |
Coste (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020 | Health care utilization: Speech therapy (mean age of 3.6 years old) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | retrospective cohort (claims database) | unexposed (general population or NOS) | Adjustment: Yes | 1.50 [0.70;3.20] | 7/84 72,012/1,710,441 | 72,019 | 84 |
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ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S9165 R31537 |
Kasradze (Phenobarbital) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2017 | Verbal comprehension (VCI) (WPPSI-4) (mean age 4-4.5 years old) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | prospective cohort | exposed to other treatment, sick excluded | Adjustment: No extrapolated (cont. endpoint) |
0.86 [0.05;15.71] excluded (control group) |
-/3 -/3 | - | 3 |
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ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S9166 R31540 |
Kasradze (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2017 | Verbal comprehension (VCI) (WPPSI-4) (mean age 4-4.5 years old) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | prospective cohort | unexposed, disease free | Adjustment: No extrapolated (cont. endpoint) Matched | 10.88 [1.25;94.80] | -/3 -/50 | - | 3 |
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ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S9174 R31612 |
Shankaran (Phenobarbital) (Other indications), 1996 | Language delay at 24 months | days before delivery excluded | randomized controlled trial | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: Randomisation |
1.04 [0.40;2.68] C excluded (exposition period) |
10/41 13/55 | 23 | 41 |
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ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | 4 studies | 2.51 [1.33;4.74] | 72,019 | 133 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives |
1: Phenobarbital; 2: Phenobarbitone; 3: Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, NOS; 4: Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, disease free;
Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)
not enought points
excluded 9165, 9160