id | Study | Lib. in paper | Exposition period | Study type |
Control type |
Tags | OR 95%CI | x1/n1 x0/n0 | no cases | no exposed | ROB | Ref. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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S12782 R48197 |
Bjørk (Phenobarbital) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick) (Mixed indications), 2022 | Neurodevelopmental Disorder (ND): any diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder (F84.0, F84.1, F84.5) or intellectual disability (F70, F71, F72, F73) plus F84.3, F84.4, F84.8, F84.9, F79 (between 6.1 and 7.9 years old) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | population based cohort retrospective | exposed to other treatment, sick excluded | Adjustment: No |
2.82 [1.36;5.84] C excluded (control group) |
8/175 133/7,950 | 141 | 175 |
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S12785 R48203 |
Bjørk (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed NOS) (Mixed indications), 2022 | Neurodevelopmental Disorder (ND): any diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder (F84.0, F84.1, F84.5) or intellectual disability (F70, F71, F72, F73) plus F84.3, F84.4, F84.8, F84.9, F79 (between 6.1 and 7.9 years old) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | population based cohort retrospective | unexposed (general population or NOS) excluded | Adjustment: Yes |
1.23 [0.61;2.46] excluded (control group) |
8/175 68,295/4,463,879 | 68,303 | 175 |
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S12788 R48209 |
Bjørk (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick) (Mixed indications), 2022 | Neurodevelopmental Disorder (ND): any diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder (F84.0, F84.1, F84.5) or intellectual disability (F70, F71, F72, F73) plus F84.3, F84.4, F84.8, F84.9, F79 (between 6.1 and 7.9 years old) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | population based cohort retrospective | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: No Controls: epilepsy indication | 2.29 [1.12;4.69] C | 8/175 443/21,634 | 451 | 175 |
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S9160 R31491 |
Coste (Phenobarbital) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2020 | Diagnosis Disorders of psychological development (F80–F89) (mean age of 3.6 years old) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | retrospective cohort (claims database) | exposed to other treatment, sick excluded | Adjustment: No Controls: mixed indications |
1.24 [0.17;9.26] C excluded (control group) |
1/84 27/2,813 | 28 | 84 |
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S9161 R31509 |
Coste (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020 | Diagnosis Disorders of psychological development (F80–F89) (mean age of 3.6 years old) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | retrospective cohort (claims database) | unexposed (general population or NOS) | Adjustment: Yes | 0.90 [0.10;6.70] | 1/84 10,010/1,710,441 | 10,011 | 84 |
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S9127 R31359 |
Dean (Phenobarbital) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2007 | Neurodevelopmental disorder (mean age in years: m1=16.25 and m0=1.5) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | retrospective cohort | exposed to other treatment, sick excluded | Adjustment: No |
1.24 [0.06;26.43] C excluded (control group) |
7/50 0/4 | 7 | 50 |
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S9128 R31361 |
Dean (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2007 | Neurodevelopmental disorder (mean age in years: m1=16.25 and m0=15.25) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | retrospective cohort | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: No | 2.33 [0.57;9.62] C | 7/50 3/46 | 10 | 50 |
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S9113 R31311 |
Katz (Phenobarbital), 2001 | Developmental delay (Based on the DSM-IV-TR criteria) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | retrospective cohort | exposed to other treatment, sick | Adjustment: No | 0.56 [0.01;37.57] C | 0/5 0/3 | 0 | 5 |
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S9172 R31560 |
Van der Pol (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 1991 | Nonoptimal school career | throughout pregnancy | prospective cohort | unexposed, disease free excluded | Adjustment: No Matched |
2.20 [0.55;8.77] C excluded (control group) |
4/12 10/54 | 14 | 12 |
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S9173 R31585 |
Van der Pol (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick), 1991 | Nonoptimal school career | throughout pregnancy | prospective cohort | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: No | 1.70 [0.36;8.09] C | 4/12 5/22 | 9 | 12 |
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Total | 5 studies | 2.01 [1.15;3.54] | 10,481 | 326 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives |
1: Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick) (Mixed indications; 2: Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, NOS; 3: Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick; 4: Phenobarbital; 5: Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick;
Asymetry test p-value = 0.0589 (by Egger's regression)
slope=1.1720 (0.1818); intercept=-0.8406 (0.2826); t=2.9742; p=0.0589
excluded 9172, 9127, 9160, 12782, 12785