Levetiracetam (All indications) updated on 04-22-2025

Low birth weight (< 2500g)

id	Study   Auto Mazzone (Levetiracetam) (Controls exposed to LTG) (Mixed indications), 2025Mazzone (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, NOS) (Mixed indications), 2025Christensen (Levetiracetam) (All indications) (Controls exposed to LTG), 2024Christensen (Levetiracetam) (All indications) (Controls unexposed, general population), 2024Coste (Levetiracetam) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2020Coste (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020	Lib. in paper	Exposition period  Auto during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)1st trimester2nd trimester3rd trimester2nd and/or 3rd trimesterthroughout pregnancyearly pregnancydays before deliverylate pregnancypreconception-onlypericonceptionalpreconceptional for kinetic reasonat least 1st trimester3 months (or more) before pregnancy or during pregnancy1st and 2nd trimester3 months or more before pregnancy or1st trimesterPaternal exp. genotoxic window only (0–3 months preconception)Paternal exposure: epigenetic window only (3–xxx months preconception)Paternal exposure: genotoxic/epigenetic window (0–xxx months preconception)Paternal exposure: other window	Study type  All studies Case control excluded Only case control	Control type    Auto unexposed (general population or NOS)unexposed, sickunexposed, disease freeexposed to other treatment, sicknot specifiedsiblingwhatever (meta-analysis)	Tags	OR 95%CI	x1/n1 x0/n0	no cases	no exposed	ROB	Ref.
S18702 R79561	Mazzone (Levetiracetam) (Controls exposed to LTG) (Mixed indications), 2025	Low birth weight	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	population based cohort retrospective	exposed to other treatment, sick excluded	Adjustment: No	1.45 [1.08;1.97] C excluded (control group)	83/832   104/1,469	187	832		ref
S18703 R79569	Mazzone (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, NOS) (Mixed indications), 2025	Low birth weight	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	population based cohort retrospective	unexposed (general population or NOS)	Adjustment: Yes	1.68 [1.21;2.32]	83/832   30,896/624,794	30,979	832		ref
S16071 R66693	Christensen (Levetiracetam) (All indications) (Controls exposed to LTG), 2024	Low birth weight (<2500 g)	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	population based cohort retrospective	exposed to other treatment, sick excluded	Adjustment: No	1.03 [0.76;1.39] C excluded (control group)	50/1,077   395/8,756	445	1,077		ref
S16037 R66566	Christensen (Levetiracetam) (All indications) (Controls unexposed, general population), 2024	Low birth weight (<2500 g)	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	population based cohort retrospective	unexposed (general population or NOS)	Adjustment: Yes	1.12 [0.84;1.51]	50/1,077   141,442/4,467,848	141,492	1,077		ref
S10071 R36652	Coste (Levetiracetam) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2020	Weight at birth <2500 g	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	retrospective cohort (claims database)	exposed to other treatment, sick excluded	Adjustment: No	1.65 [1.20;2.28] C excluded (control group)	60/621   128/2,108	188	621		ref
S9020 R30709	Coste (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020	Weight at birth <2500 g	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	retrospective cohort (claims database)	unexposed (general population or NOS)	Adjustment: No	1.89 [1.45;2.47] C	60/621   91,455/1,710,441	91,515	621		ref
					Total	3 studies	1.53 [1.11;2.11]		263,986	2,530
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

Sensitivity analysis

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 10071, 16071, 18702