Levetiracetam (All indications) updated on 04-22-2025

Intrauterine deaths (as a whole or unspecified)

id	Study   Auto Moore (Levetiracetam) (Mixed indications) (Controls exposed to LTG), 2025Moore (Levetiracetam) (Mixed indications) (Controls unexposed, general pop), 2025Vajda (Levetiracetam) (Controls exposed to LTG) (Epilepsy), 2024Vajda (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed sick) (Epilepsy), 2024Meador (Levetiracetam) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2020Meador (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2020Meador (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2020Koc (Levetiracetam), 2018Trivedi (Levetiracetam) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2018Trivedi (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2018Arkilo (Levetiracetam), 2015Tomson (Levetiracetam), 2015	Lib. in paper	Exposition period  Auto during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)1st trimester2nd trimester3rd trimester2nd and/or 3rd trimesterthroughout pregnancyearly pregnancydays before deliverylate pregnancypreconception-onlypericonceptionalpreconceptional for kinetic reasonat least 1st trimester3 months (or more) before pregnancy or during pregnancy1st and 2nd trimester3 months or more before pregnancy or1st trimesterPaternal exp. genotoxic window only (0–3 months preconception)Paternal exposure: epigenetic window only (3–xxx months preconception)Paternal exposure: genotoxic/epigenetic window (0–xxx months preconception)Paternal exposure: other window	Study type  All studies Case control excluded Only case control	Control type    Auto unexposed (general population or NOS)unexposed, sickunexposed, disease freeexposed to other treatment, sicknot specifiedsiblingwhatever (meta-analysis)	Tags	OR 95%CI	x1/n1 x0/n0	no cases	no exposed	ROB	Ref.
S18755 R79766	Moore (Levetiracetam) (Mixed indications) (Controls exposed to LTG), 2025	Pregnancy loss (pregnancy outcome other than live birth at any gestation, including spontaneous loss (miscarriage, stillbirth) and termination of pregnancy)	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	population based cohort retrospective	exposed to other treatment, sick excluded	Adjustment: No	0.77 [0.64;0.92] C excluded (control group)	216/1,086   481/1,976	697	1,086		ref
S18756 R79770	Moore (Levetiracetam) (Mixed indications) (Controls unexposed, general pop), 2025	Pregnancy loss (pregnancy outcome other than live birth at any gestation, including spontaneous loss (miscarriage, stillbirth) and termination of pregnancy)	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	population based cohort retrospective	unexposed (general population or NOS)	Adjustment: Yes Matched	0.92 [0.77;1.09]	216/1,086   2,153/10,675	2,369	1,086		ref
S16753 R70381	Vajda (Levetiracetam) (Controls exposed to LTG) (Epilepsy), 2024	Intra uterine foetal death (including both spontaneous abortions and stillbirths, but not elective termination)	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	prospective cohort	exposed to other treatment, sick excluded	Adjustment: No	0.35 [0.08;1.61] C excluded (control group)	2/183   10/326	12	183		ref
S16200 R67130	Vajda (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed sick) (Epilepsy), 2024	Intra uterine foetal death (including both spontaneous abortions and stillbirths, but not elective termination)	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	prospective cohort	unexposed, sick	Adjustment: No	4.11 [0.20;86.35] C	2/183   0/149	2	183		ref
S8995 R30551	Meador (Levetiracetam) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2020	Fetal loss (Spontaneous miscarriages and fetal death)	1st trimester	prospective cohort	exposed to other treatment, sick excluded	Adjustment: No	0.76 [0.12;4.62] C excluded (control group)	2/99   3/113	5	99		ref
S8996 R30555	Meador (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2020	Fetal loss (Spontaneous miscarriages and fetal death)	1st trimester	prospective cohort	unexposed, disease free excluded	Adjustment: No	5.47 [0.26;115.30] C excluded (control group)	2/99   0/106	2	99		ref
S8997 R30559	Meador (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2020	Fetal loss (Spontaneous miscarriages and fetal death)	1st trimester	prospective cohort	unexposed, sick	Adjustment: No	0.75 [0.03;16.45] C	2/99   0/15	2	99		ref
S9001 R30571	Koc (Levetiracetam), 2018	Intrauterine deaths as a whole	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	retrospective cohort	unexposed, sick	Adjustment: No	0.55 [0.09;3.26] C	2/30   4/35	6	30		ref
S9014 R30663	Trivedi (Levetiracetam) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2018	Spontaneous fetal loss (both spontaneous abortion before 20 weeks of gestation and stillbirths occurring after 20 weeks of gestation)	1st trimester	prospective cohort	exposed to other treatment, sick excluded	Adjustment: No	0.75 [0.18;3.15] C excluded (control group)	4/63   4/48	8	63		ref
S9015 R30664	Trivedi (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2018	Spontaneous fetal loss (both spontaneous abortion before 20 weeks of gestation and stillbirths occurring after 20 weeks of gestation)	1st trimester	prospective cohort	unexposed, sick	Adjustment: Yes	1.99 [0.29;13.69]	4/63   5/178	9	63		ref
S8982 R30470	Arkilo (Levetiracetam), 2015	Unsuccessful pregnancies (miscarriages/stillbirths)	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	retrospective cohort	exposed to other treatment, sick	Adjustment: No	2.44 [0.30;20.12] C	2/11   2/24	4	11		ref
S9013 R30661	Tomson (Levetiracetam), 2015	Intrauterine death	at least 1st trimester	prospective cohort	exposed to other treatment, sick	Adjustment: No	1.11 [0.73;1.69] C	28/324   150/1,910	178	324		ref
					Total	7 studies	0.95 [0.81;1.12]		2,570	1,796
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

Sensitivity analysis

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 9014, 8995, 8996, 16753, 18755

Umbrella review (other published meta-analyses)