Levetiracetam (All indications)

ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder): Diagnosis/Risk

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S15238
R63062		 Dreier (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to LTG), 2023 Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) - Corresponding ICD-10 F-chapter - Up to 22 years of age during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort propective exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: No 0.73 [0.42;1.29] C
excluded (control group) 		14/1,061   95/5,288 109 1,061
ref
S15230
R63063		 Dreier (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) - Corresponding ICD-10 F-chapter - Up to 22 years of age during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort propective unexposed, sick Adjustment: Yes 1.78 [1.03;3.07] 14/1,061   528/22,203 542 1,061
ref
S9022
R46401		 Huber-Mollema (Levetiracetam), 2019 Diagnosis of ADHD throughout pregnancy prospective cohort exposed to other treatment, sick Adjustment: No 0.25 [0.01;4.74] C 0/30   5/88 5 30
ref
S9018
R46402		 Bromley (Levetiracetam), 2016 Maladaptive behavior: Attention (BASC) (5-9 years old) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (registry) unexposed, sick Adjustment: No extrapolated (cont. endpoint) 0.86 [0.41;1.78] -/42   -/55 - 42
ref
Total 3 studies 1.18 [0.58;2.39] 547 1,133
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Dreier (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023Dreier, 2023 1 1.78[1.03; 3.07]5421,06153%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Huber-Mollema (Levetiracetam), 2019Huber-Mollema, 2019 2 0.25[0.01; 4.74]5305%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: criticalROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Bromley (Levetiracetam), 2016Bromley, 2016 3 0.86[0.41; 1.78]-4242%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Total (3 studies) I2 = 46% 1.18[0.58; 2.39]5471,1330.25.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick; 2: Levetiracetam; 3: Levetiracetam;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.18[0.58; 2.39]5471,13346%NADreier (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 Huber-Mollema (Levetiracetam), 2019 Bromley (Levetiracetam), 2016 3 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 1.29[0.64; 2.62]5421,10359%NADreier (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 Bromley (Levetiracetam), 2016 2 exposed to other treatment, sickexposed to other treatment, sick 0.25[0.01; 4.74]530 -NAHuber-Mollema (Levetiracetam), 2019 1 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 0.80[0.39; 1.63]5720%NAHuber-Mollema (Levetiracetam), 2019 Bromley (Levetiracetam), 2016 2   - Yes  - Yes 1.78[1.03; 3.07]5421,061 -NADreier (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 1 extrapolated (cont. endpoint)extrapolated (cont. endpoint) 0.86[0.41; 1.79]-42 -NABromley (Levetiracetam), 2016 1 All studiesAll studies 1.18[0.58; 2.39]5471,13346%NADreier (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 Huber-Mollema (Levetiracetam), 2019 Bromley (Levetiracetam), 2016 30.15.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 15238

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 1.29[0.64; 2.62]5421,10359%NADreier (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 Bromley (Levetiracetam), 2016 2 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls 0.70[0.40; 1.23]1141,0910%NADreier (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to LTG), 2023 Huber-Mollema (Levetiracetam), 2019 20.510.01.0