Levetiracetam (All indications)

ASD (Autism spectrum disorder): Risk

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type  Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S9022
R30759
Huber-Mollema (Levetiracetam), 2019 Autistic behavior (Social Emotional Questionnaire) (Completed by mothers) Clinical cutoff throughout pregnancy prospective cohort exposed to other treatment, sick Adjustment: No 0.77 [0.08;7.18] C 1/28   4/87 5 28
ref
S9962
R35825
Bjørk (Levetiracetam) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2018 Autistic traits at 18 months and/or at 36 months (M-CHAT <2/6 critical or <3/23 or SCQ >13) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort propective exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: No 2.42 [0.63;9.26] C
excluded (control group)
4/12   13/76 17 12
ref
S9932
R35690
Bjørk (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2018 Autistic traits at 18 months and/or at 36 months (M-CHAT <2/6 critical or <3/23 or SCQ >13) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort propective unexposed, disease free excluded Adjustment: No 4.97 [1.49;16.49] C
excluded (control group)
4/12   6,907/75,497 6,911 12
ref
S9958
R35821
Bjørk (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2018 Autistic traits at 18 months and/or at 36 months (M-CHAT <2/6 critical or <3/23 or SCQ >13) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort propective unexposed, sick Adjustment: No 4.54 [1.28;16.06] C 4/12   27/272 31 12
ref
Total 2 studies 2.39 [0.45;12.72] 36 40
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Huber-Mollema (Levetiracetam), 2019Huber-Mollema, 2019 1 0.77[0.08; 7.18]52836%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: criticalROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Bjørk (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2018Bjørk, 2018 2 4.54[1.28; 16.06]311264%ROB confusion: unclearROB selection: lowROB classification: lowROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Total (2 studies) I2 = 46% 2.39[0.45; 12.72]36400.210.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Levetiracetam; 2: Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 2.39[0.45; 12.72]364046%NAHuber-Mollema (Levetiracetam), 2019 Bjørk (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2018 2 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 4.54[1.28; 16.06]3112 -NABjørk (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2018 1 exposed to other treatment, sickexposed to other treatment, sick 0.77[0.08; 7.18]528 -NAHuber-Mollema (Levetiracetam), 2019 1 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 2.39[0.45; 12.72]364046%NAHuber-Mollema (Levetiracetam), 2019 Bjørk (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2018 2 All studiesAll studies 2.39[0.45; 12.72]364046%NAHuber-Mollema (Levetiracetam), 2019 Bjørk (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2018 20.210.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 9962, 9932

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 4.97[1.49; 16.49]6,91112 -NABjørk (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2018 1 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 4.54[1.28; 16.06]3112 -NABjørk (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2018 1 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls 1.79[0.57; 5.64]22400%NAHuber-Mollema (Levetiracetam), 2019 Bjørk (Levetiracetam) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2018 20.510.01.0