| id | Study | Lib. in paper | Exposition period | Study type |
Control type |
Tags | OR 95%CI | x1/n1 x0/n0 | no cases | no exposed | ROB | Ref. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| S19390 R82365 |
Honybun (Controls exposed to LTG) (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy), 2026 | Processing Speed Index (Assesses psychomotor speed across time-based tasks) - Wechsler Intelligence Scale - Children aged 3–18 years (mean age about 10 years) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | prospective cohort | exposed to other treatment, sick excluded | Adjustment: No extrapolated (cont. endpoint) |
2.62 [0.86;7.92] excluded (control group) |
-/20 -/23 | - | 20 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S19386 R82325 |
Honybun (Controls unexposed, sick) (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy), 2026 | Processing Speed Index (Assesses psychomotor speed across time-based tasks) - Wechsler Intelligence Scale - Children aged 3–18 years (mean age about 10 years) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | prospective cohort | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: No extrapolated (cont. endpoint) | 3.56 [1.10;11.53] | -/20 -/19 | - | 20 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S19396 R82409 |
Li (Controls exposed to LTG) (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy), 2026 | Manual dexterity and fine hand motor function - Grooved Pegboard Test (GPB) scores - Follow up to 6 years | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | prospective cohort | exposed to other treatment, sick excluded | Adjustment: No extrapolated (cont. endpoint) |
1.12 [0.63;1.99] excluded (control group) |
-/67 -/90 | - | 67 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S19395 R82404 |
Li (Controls unexposed, disease free) (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy), 2026 | Manual dexterity and fine hand motor function - Grooved Pegboard Test (GPB) scores - Follow up to 6 years | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | prospective cohort | unexposed, disease free | Adjustment: No extrapolated (cont. endpoint) | 1.09 [0.60;1.97] | -/67 -/79 | - | 67 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S19378 R82261 |
Straub (Controls exposed to LTG) (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy), 2026 | Coordination disorders - ICD-10 codes: F82 - Mean follow up (full cohort): 3.4 years | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | retrospective cohort (claims database) | exposed to other treatment, sick excluded | Adjustment: No |
1.00 [0.61;1.63] C excluded (control group) |
36/3,929 30/3,273 | 66 | 3,929 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S19369 R82125 |
Straub (Controls unexposed, sick) (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy), 2026 | Coordination disorders - ICD-10 codes: F82 - Mean follow up (full cohort): 3.4 years | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | retrospective cohort (claims database) | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: Yes | 0.86 [0.57;1.31] | 36/3,929 91/8,887 | 127 | 3,929 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S19339 R82018 |
Moore (Controls exposed to LTG) (Levetiracetam) (Indication NOS), 2025 | Gross motor disorders - Assessment offered to all children - At the 27–30 months | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | population based cohort retrospective | exposed to other treatment, sick | Adjustment: No | 0.98 [0.56;1.72] C | 20/527 36/934 | 56 | 527 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S15220 R62427 |
Bromley (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to LTG), 2023 | Motor mean score ≤ 86 (below average performance of the cohort mean) - Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development - At 24 months of age | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | prospective cohort | exposed to other treatment, sick excluded | Adjustment: No |
1.02 [0.31;3.43] C excluded (control group) |
5/51 7/73 | 12 | 51 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S15219 R62414 |
Bromley (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 | Motor mean score ≤ 86 (below average performance of the cohort mean) - Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development - At 24 months of age | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | prospective cohort | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: No | 1.20 [0.30;4.74] C | 5/51 4/48 | 9 | 51 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S16612 R69683 |
Thomas (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to LTG), 2022 | Delayed motor development quotient (< 84, i.e one SD of the mean) - The developmental assessment scale for Indian infants (DASII) - Between 12-24 months of age (mean (SD): 15.3 (3.9) months)) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | prospective cohort | exposed to other treatment, sick excluded | Adjustment: No |
0.41 [0.02;6.81] C excluded (control group) |
1/62 1/26 | 2 | 62 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S16613 R69684 |
Thomas (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2022 | The motor development quotient (MODQ) - The developmental assessment scale for Indian infants (DASII) - Between 12-24 months of age (mean (SD): 15.3 (3.9) months)) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | prospective cohort | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: No extrapolated (cont. endpoint) | 0.24 [0.13;0.43] | -/62 -/110 | - | 62 |
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ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S9946 R35767 |
Videman (Levetiracetam) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2016 | Griffiths Mental Developmental Scale - Locomotor (at the age of 7 months) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | prospective cohort | exposed to other treatment, sick excluded | Adjustment: No extrapolated (cont. endpoint) |
0.27 [0.04;1.85] excluded (control group) |
-/7 -/8 | - | 7 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S9950 R35791 |
Videman (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2016 | Griffiths Mental Developmental Scale - Locomotor (at the age of 7 months) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | prospective cohort | unexposed, disease free | Adjustment: No extrapolated (cont. endpoint) | 2.78 [0.66;11.65] | -/7 -/59 | - | 7 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S9028 R30773 |
Shallcross (Levetiracetam), 2011 | Locomotor (Griffiths scale) | throughout pregnancy | prospective cohort | unexposed, disease free | Adjustment: No extrapolated (cont. endpoint) | 0.75 [0.41;1.39] | -/51 -/97 | - | 51 |
|
ref | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 8 studies | 0.94 [0.57;1.53] | 192 | 4,714 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1: Controls unexposed, sick) (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy; 2: Controls unexposed, disease free) (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy; 3: Controls unexposed, sick) (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy; 4: Controls exposed to LTG) (Levetiracetam) (Indication NOS; 5: Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick; 6: Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick; 7: Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, disease free; 8: Levetiracetam;
Asymetry test p-value = 0.2890 (by Egger's regression)
slope=-0.8559 (0.6012); intercept=2.1145 (1.8180); t=1.1631; p=0.2890
excluded 9946, 16612, 15220, 19390, 19396, 19378