Gabapentin (All indications)

ASD (Autism spectrum disorder): Diagnosis/Risk

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S12760
R48899		 Bjørk (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick) (Mixed indications), 2022 Diagnosis of childhood autism (F84.0), atypical autism (F84.1), and Asperger syndrome (F84.5) (between 6.1 and 7.9 years old) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort retrospective exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: No 0.80 [0.39;1.66] C
excluded (control group) 		8/965   82/7,950 90 965
ref
S12761
R48900		 Bjørk (Controls unexposed NOS) (Mixed indications), 2022 Diagnosis of childhood autism (F84.0), atypical autism (F84.1), and Asperger syndrome (F84.5) (between 6.1 and 7.9 years old) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort retrospective unexposed (general population or NOS) excluded Adjustment: Yes 0.94 [0.47;1.88]
excluded (control group) 		8/965   38,437/4,463,879 38,445 965
ref
S12762
R48901		 Bjørk (Controls unexposed, sick) (Mixed indications), 2022 Diagnosis of childhood autism (F84.0), atypical autism (F84.1), and Asperger syndrome (F84.5) (between 6.1 and 7.9 years old) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort retrospective unexposed, sick Adjustment: No Controls: epilepsy indication 0.67 [0.33;1.36] C 8/965   267/21,634 275 965
ref
S10095
R46667		 Coste (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick) (Mixed indications), 2020 Diagnosis Pervasive developmental disorders (F84) (mean age of 3.7 years old) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: Yes 1.80 [0.40;7.00]
excluded (control group) 		3/378   11/2,916 14 378
ref
S8517
R46668		 Coste (Controls unexposed, NOS) (Mixed indications), 2020 Diagnosis Pervasive developmental disorders (F84) (mean age of 3.6 years old) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes 2.30 [0.80;7.30] 3/378   4,280/1,710,441 4,283 378
ref
S8499
R46670		 Wood, 2015 Score >30 (CARS) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) prospective cohort exposed to other treatment, sick Adjustment: No 17.00 [0.13;2166.90] C 0/1   0/9 0 1
ref
Total 3 studies 1.34 [0.40;4.45] 4,558 1,344
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Bjørk (Controls unexposed, sick) (Mixed indications), 2022Bjørk, 2022 1 0.67[0.33; 1.36]27596553%ROB confusion: unclearROB selection: lowROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Coste (Controls unexposed, NOS) (Mixed indications), 2020Coste, 2020 2 2.30[0.80; 7.30]4,28337842%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Wood, 2015Wood, 2015 17.00[0.13; 2166.90]016%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: criticalROB mesure: lowROB reporting: moderate Total (3 studies) I2 = 58% 1.34[0.40; 4.45]4,5581,3440.250.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Controls unexposed, sick) (Mixed indications; 2: Controls unexposed, NOS) (Mixed indications;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.34[0.40; 4.45]4,5581,34458%NABjørk (Controls unexposed, sick) (Mixed indications), 2022 Coste (Controls unexposed, NOS) (Mixed indications), 2020 Wood, 2015 3 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 2.30[0.76; 6.95]4,283378 -NACoste (Controls unexposed, NOS) (Mixed indications), 2020 1 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 0.67[0.33; 1.36]275965 -NABjørk (Controls unexposed, sick) (Mixed indications), 2022 1 exposed to other treatment, sickexposed to other treatment, sick 17.00[0.13; 2166.90]-1 -NAWood, 2015 1 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 1.34[0.10; 18.00]27596640%NABjørk (Controls unexposed, sick) (Mixed indications), 2022 Wood, 2015 2   - Yes  - Yes 2.30[0.76; 6.95]4,283378 -NACoste (Controls unexposed, NOS) (Mixed indications), 2020 1 Controls   - epilepsy indication  - epilepsy indication 0.67[0.33; 1.36]275965 -NABjørk (Controls unexposed, sick) (Mixed indications), 2022 1 All studiesAll studies 1.34[0.40; 4.45]4,5581,34458%NABjørk (Controls unexposed, sick) (Mixed indications), 2022 Coste (Controls unexposed, NOS) (Mixed indications), 2020 Wood, 2015 30.250.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 10095, 12760, 12761

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.32[0.56; 3.09]42,7281,34345%NABjørk (Controls unexposed NOS) (Mixed indications), 2022 Coste (Controls unexposed, NOS) (Mixed indications), 2020 2 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 0.67[0.33; 1.36]275965 -NABjørk (Controls unexposed, sick) (Mixed indications), 2022 1 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls 1.08[0.48; 2.40]1041,34413%NABjørk (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick) (Mixed indications), 2022 Coste (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick) (Mixed indications), 2020 Wood, 2015 30.510.01.0