Phenobarbital (Epilepsy)

Preterm (< 37 weeks)

id	Study   Auto Coste (Phenobarbital) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2020Coste (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020Endo (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2004Endo (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2004Koch (Phenobarbital), 1996Van der Pol (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 1991Van der Pol (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick), 1991	Lib. in paper	Exposition period  Auto during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)1st trimester2nd trimester3rd trimester2nd and/or 3rd trimesterthroughout pregnancyearly pregnancydays before deliverylate pregnancypreconception-onlypericonceptionalpreconceptional for kinetic reasonat least 1st trimester3 months (or more) before pregnancy or during pregnancy1st and 2nd trimester3 months or more before pregnancy or1st trimester	Study type  All studies Case control excluded Only case control	Control type    Auto unexposed (general population or NOS)unexposed, sickunexposed, disease freeexposed to other treatment, sicknot specifiedwhatever (meta-analysis)	Tags	OR 95%CI	x1/n1 x0/n0	no cases	no exposed	ROB	Ref.
S7981 R24252	Coste (Phenobarbital) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2020	Gestational age at birth (< 37 WA)	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	retrospective cohort (claims database)	exposed to other treatment, sick excluded	Adjustment: No Controls: mixed indications	0.95 [0.38;2.39] C excluded (control group)	5/84   175/2,813	180	84		ref
S7809 R23143	Coste (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020	Gestational age at birth (< 37 WA)	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	retrospective cohort (claims database)	unexposed (general population or NOS)	Adjustment: No	1.12 [0.45;2.77] C	5/84   91,255/1,710,441	91,260	84		ref
S5590 R19018	Endo (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2004	Preterm delivery (< week 37)	throughout pregnancy	retrospective cohort	unexposed, disease free excluded	Adjustment: No	0.59 [0.07;4.70] C excluded (control group)	1/10   104/656	105	10		ref
S8225 R25801	Endo (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2004	Preterm delivery (< week 37)	throughout pregnancy	retrospective cohort	unexposed, sick	Adjustment: No	0.18 [0.00;12.84] C	1/10   0/1	1	10		ref
S7397 R21726	Koch (Phenobarbital), 1996	Prematurity (< 37 weeks)	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	prospective cohort	unexposed (general population or NOS)	Adjustment: No Matched	6.05 [0.21;177.04] C	0/4   1/65	1	4		ref
S5526 R19262	Van der Pol (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 1991	Gestational age (≤ 37 wk)	throughout pregnancy	prospective cohort	unexposed, disease free excluded	Adjustment: No Matched	1.16 [0.12;11.40] C excluded (control group)	1/12   4/55	5	12		ref
S6824 R19312	Van der Pol (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick), 1991	Gestational age (≤ 37 wk)	throughout pregnancy	prospective cohort	unexposed, sick	Adjustment: No	0.91 [0.07;11.19] C	1/12   2/22	3	12		ref
					Total	4 studies	1.13 [0.50;2.55]		91,265	110
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

Sensitivity analysis

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 5526, 5590, 7981