Phenobarbital (Epilepsy)

Intrauterine deaths (as a whole or unspecified)

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type  Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S8065
R24571
Trivedi (Phenobarbital) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2018 Spontaneous fetal loss (both spontaneous abortion before 20 weeks of gestation and stillbirths occurring after 20 weeks of gestation) 1st trimester prospective cohort exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: No 0.41 [0.11;1.61] C
excluded (control group)
5/138   4/48 9 138
ref
S8055
R24561
Trivedi (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2018 Spontaneous fetal loss (both spontaneous abortion before 20 weeks of gestation and stillbirths occurring after 20 weeks of gestation) 1st trimester prospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: Yes 3.88 [0.73;20.52] 5/138   5/178 10 138
ref
S7417
R21836
Miškov (Phenobarbital) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2016 Fetal loss during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) prospective cohort exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: No 4.13 [0.30;56.39] C
excluded (control group)
1/3   4/37 5 3
ref
S7047
R19897
Miškov (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2016 Fetal loss during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) prospective cohort unexposed, disease free excluded Adjustment: No 255.00 [7.09;9172.13] C
excluded (control group)
1/3   0/128 1 3
ref
S7412
R21814
Miškov (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2016 Fetal loss during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) prospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No 7.00 [0.17;291.36] C 1/3   0/4 1 3
ref
S7817
R23219
Tomson (Phenobarbital), 2015 Intrauterine death at least 1st trimester prospective cohort exposed to other treatment, sick Adjustment: No 1.08 [0.68;1.73] C 22/260   150/1,910 172 260
ref
Total 3 studies 1.67 [0.62;4.44] 183 401
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Trivedi (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2018Trivedi, 2018 1 3.88[0.73; 20.52]1013824%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Miškov (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2016Miškov, 2016 2 7.00[0.17; 291.36]136%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: criticalROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Tomson (Phenobarbital), 2015Tomson, 2015 3 1.08[0.68; 1.73]17226069%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Total (3 studies) I2 = 32% 1.67[0.62; 4.44]1834010.520.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick; 2: Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick; 3: Phenobarbital;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.67[0.62; 4.44]18340132%NATrivedi (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2018 Miškov (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2016 Tomson (Phenobarbital), 2015 3 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 4.28[0.93; 19.63]111410%NATrivedi (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2018 Miškov (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2016 2 exposed to other treatment, sickexposed to other treatment, sick 1.08[0.68; 1.73]172260 -NATomson (Phenobarbital), 2015 1 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 1.12[0.70; 1.78]1732630%NAMiškov (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2016 Tomson (Phenobarbital), 2015 2   - Yes  - Yes 3.88[0.73; 20.57]10138 -NATrivedi (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2018 1 All studiesAll studies 1.67[0.62; 4.44]18340132%NATrivedi (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2018 Miškov (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2016 Tomson (Phenobarbital), 2015 30.520.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 7417, 7047, 8065

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) Out of scale255.00[7.09; 9172.13]13 -NAMiškov (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2016 1 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 4.28[0.93; 19.63]111410%NATrivedi (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2018 Miškov (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2016 2 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls 0.96[0.44; 2.10]18640130%NATrivedi (Phenobarbital) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2018 Miškov (Phenobarbital) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2016 Tomson (Phenobarbital), 2015 30.510.01.0