Lamotrigine (Epilepsy)

Cognitive developmental disorders/delay (> 6 years old)

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S15870
R65395		 Dreier, 2023 Intellectual disability - Corresponding ICD-10 F-chapter - Up to 22 years of age during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort propective unexposed, sick Adjustment: Yes 0.85 [0.58;1.24] 34/5,288   184/22,203 218 5,288
ref
S7964
R53712		 Cohen-Israel, 2018 Developmental delay (a majority between 6-12 years old) 1st trimester retrospective cohort unexposed, disease free Adjustment: No Matched 0.57 [0.26;1.26] C 12/83   19/83 31 83
ref
S8322
R53710		 Baker (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2015 Mean child Full scale IQ - Differential ability scales (DAS) (age mean >6 years old) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) prospective cohort unexposed, disease free excluded Adjustment: No extrapolated (cont. endpoint) 1.84 [0.91;3.72]
excluded (control group) 		-/29   -/210 - 29
ref
S8327
R53711		 Baker (Controls unexposed, sick), 2015 Mean child Full scale IQ - Differential ability scales (DAS) (age mean >6 years old) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) prospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No extrapolated (cont. endpoint) 1.16 [0.44;3.07] -/29   -/25 - 29
ref
S8208
R53713		 Gopinath, 2015 Full Scale IQ < 86 (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV)) (at 10–12 years of age) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (registry) unexposed, sick Adjustment: No 0.39 [0.01;22.88] C 0/1   11/16 11 1
ref
Total 4 studies 0.82 [0.59;1.13] 260 5,401
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Dreier, 2023Dreier, 2023 0.85[0.58; 1.24]2185,28872%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: lowROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Cohen-Israel, 2018Cohen-Israel, 2018 0.57[0.26; 1.26]318316%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Baker (Controls unexposed, sick), 2015Baker, 2015 1 1.16[0.44; 3.07]-2911%ROB confusion: unclearROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: moderateROB mesure: lowROB reporting: moderate Gopinath, 2015Gopinath, 2015 0.39[0.01; 22.88]1111%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Total (4 studies) I2 = 0% 0.82[0.59; 1.13]2605,4010.25.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Controls unexposed, sick;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0.82[0.59; 1.13]2605,4010%NADreier, 2023 Cohen-Israel, 2018 Baker (Controls unexposed, sick), 2015 Gopinath, 2015 4 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 0.57[0.26; 1.26]3183 -NACohen-Israel, 2018 1 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 0.88[0.62; 1.25]2295,3180%NADreier, 2023 Baker (Controls unexposed, sick), 2015 Gopinath, 2015 3 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 0.75[0.41; 1.37]421130%NACohen-Israel, 2018 Baker (Controls unexposed, sick), 2015 Gopinath, 2015 3   - Yes  - Yes 0.85[0.58; 1.24]2185,288 -NADreier, 2023 1 extrapolated (cont. endpoint)extrapolated (cont. endpoint) 1.16[0.44; 3.06]-29 -NABaker (Controls unexposed, sick), 2015 1 MatchedMatched 0.57[0.26; 1.26]3183 -NACohen-Israel, 2018 1 All studiesAll studies 0.82[0.59; 1.13]2605,4010%NADreier, 2023 Cohen-Israel, 2018 Baker (Controls unexposed, sick), 2015 Gopinath, 2015 40.15.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot
0.0-4.94.72.4910.000Dreier, 2023Cohen-Israel, 2018Baker (Controls unexposed, sick), 2015Gopinath, 2015

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot
0.01.00.01.0

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 8322

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.04[0.33; 3.28]3111279%NACohen-Israel, 2018 Baker (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2015 2 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 0.88[0.62; 1.25]2295,3180%NADreier, 2023 Baker (Controls unexposed, sick), 2015 Gopinath, 2015 30.510.01.0