Clonazepam (Epilepsy) updated on 02-10-2025

Digestive system anomalies

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S12876
R48647		 Thomas (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2021 Gastro-intestinal malformations 1st trimester prospective cohort exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: No 14.14 [0.24;825.80] C
excluded (control group) 		0/4   0/50 0 4
ref
S12877
R48657		 Thomas (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021 Gastro-intestinal malformations 1st trimester prospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No 32.24 [1.11;936.92] C 0/4   1/340 1 4
ref
S6067
R15787		 Morrow (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2006 Gastrointestinal tract defects 1st trimester prospective cohort exposed to other treatment, sick Adjustment: No 10.82 [0.52;225.99] C 0/9   3/647 3 9
ref
Total 2 studies 17.65 [1.85;168.66] 4 13
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Thomas (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021Thomas, 2021 1 32.24[1.11; 936.92]1445%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Morrow (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2006Morrow, 2006 2 10.82[0.52; 225.99]3955%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: moderateROB missing: moderateROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Total (2 studies) I2 = 0% 17.65[1.85; 168.66]4130.9100.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick; 2: Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 17.65[1.85; 168.66]4130%NAThomas (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021 Morrow (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2006 2 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 32.24[1.11; 936.92]14 -NAThomas (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021 1 exposed to other treatment, sickexposed to other treatment, sick 10.82[0.52; 225.99]39 -NAMorrow (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2006 1 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 17.65[1.85; 168.66]4130%NAThomas (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021 Morrow (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2006 2 All studiesAll studies 17.65[1.85; 168.66]4130%NAThomas (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021 Morrow (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2006 20.5100.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 12876

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls Out of scale32.24[1.11; 936.92]14 -NAThomas (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021 1 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls Out of scale11.91[1.04; 135.89]3130%NAThomas (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2021 Morrow (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2006 20.510.01.0