Clonazepam (Epilepsy) updated on 02-10-2025

Hypospadias

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S6494
R17799		 Bànhidy (Epilepsy), 2011 Hypospadias throughout pregnancy case control unexposed, sick Adjustment: No Matched 1.27 [0.04;41.56] C 0/1   3/13 3 1
ref
S6067
R15786		 Morrow (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2006 Hypospadias/genitourinary tract defects 1st trimester prospective cohort exposed to other treatment, sick Adjustment: No 5.80 [0.30;111.30] C 0/9   6/647 6 9
ref
S6688
R18675		 D'Souza (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 1991 Hypospadias throughout pregnancy prospective cohort unexposed, disease free excluded Adjustment: No Matched 123.00 [1.00;15058.31] C
excluded (control group) 		0/1   0/62 0 1
ref
S6696
R18836		 D'Souza (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 1991 Hypospadias throughout pregnancy prospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No 15.00 [0.12;1923.88] C 0/1   0/8 0 1
ref
Total 3 studies 4.07 [0.53;31.48] 9 11
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Bànhidy (Epilepsy), 2011Bànhidy, 2011 1 1.27[0.04; 41.56]3134%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: lowROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Morrow (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2006Morrow, 2006 2 5.80[0.30; 111.30]6948%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: moderateROB missing: moderateROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate D'Souza (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 1991D'Souza, 1991 3 15.00[0.12; 1923.88]0118%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: unclearROB classification: lowROB missing: unclearROB mesure: lowROB reporting: moderate Total (3 studies) I2 = 0% 4.07[0.53; 31.48]9110.550.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Epilepsy; 2: Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick; 3: Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 7.50[0.60; 93.54]6100%NAMorrow (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2006 D'Souza (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 1991 2 case control studiescase control studies 1.27[0.04; 41.56]31 -NABànhidy (Epilepsy), 2011 1 Type of controls unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 2.94[0.17; 50.05]320%NABànhidy (Epilepsy), 2011 D'Souza (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 1991 2 exposed to other treatment, sickexposed to other treatment, sick 5.80[0.30; 111.30]69 -NAMorrow (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2006 1 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 4.07[0.53; 31.48]9110%NABànhidy (Epilepsy), 2011 Morrow (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2006 D'Souza (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 1991 3 MatchedMatched 1.27[0.04; 41.56]31 -NABànhidy (Epilepsy), 2011 1 All studiesAll studies 4.07[0.53; 31.48]9110%NABànhidy (Epilepsy), 2011 Morrow (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2006 D'Souza (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 1991 30.550.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 6688

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) Out of scale123.00[1.00; 15058.31]-1 -NAD'Souza (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 1991 1 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 2.94[0.17; 50.05]320%NABànhidy (Epilepsy), 2011 D'Souza (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 1991 2 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls 5.80[0.30; 111.30]69 -NAMorrow (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2006 10.510.01.0

Umbrella review (other published meta-analyses)

Published MAControlPeriodTE95% CIn exposedkI2 Veroniki a (MA) (Epilepsy) (Hypospadias)Veroniki a (MA) (Epilepsy) (Hypospadias) 2.64[0.08; 57.62]NA-Wwhatever (meta-analysis)T11st trimesterstudies TTT2 metaPregmetaPreg 4.07[0.53; 31.48]0%11----Bànhidy (Epilepsy), 2011 Morrow (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2006 D'Souza (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 1991 30.510.01.0