Topiramate (Epilepsy) updated on 04-22-2025

Severe cognitive developmental delay (Mental retardation) (3-6 years old)

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type  Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S19474
R83127
Straub (Controls unexposed, sick) (Topiramate) (Epilepsy), 2026 Intellectual disability - ICD-10 codes: F70-F79 - Mean follow up (full cohort): 3.4 years during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed, sick Adjustment: Yes 1.51 [0.55;4.16] -/961   26/8,887 - 961
ref
S17255
R72217
Madley-Dowd_UK (Topiramate) (Controls unexposed, sick) (Epilepsy), 2024 Intellectual disability - ICD10 codes - Median follow up 5.41 (3.59-8.40) years old during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed, sick Adjustment: No 3.54 [0.21;60.51] C 0/43   13/4,075 13 43
ref
S12721
R73430
Bjørk (Topiramate) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2022 Diagnosis of intellectual disability (ID): mild ID (F70), moderate ID (F71), severe ID (F72), and profound ID (F73) - Median follow up topiramate 5.7 (2.9-9.1) years old during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort retrospective unexposed, sick Adjustment: Yes 3.47 [1.40;8.63] -/246   139/21,634 - 246
ref
Total 3 studies 2.44 [1.27;4.72] 13 1,250
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Straub (Controls unexposed, sick) (Topiramate) (Epilepsy), 2026Straub, 2026 1 1.51[0.55; 4.16]-96142%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Madley-Dowd_UK (Topiramate) (Controls unexposed, sick) (Epilepsy), 2024Madley-Dowd_UK, 2024 2 3.54[0.21; 60.51]13435%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: lowROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Bjørk (Topiramate) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2022Bjørk, 2022 3 3.47[1.40; 8.63]-24652%ROB confusion: moderateROB selection: lowROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Total (3 studies) I2 = 0% 2.44[1.27; 4.72]131,2500.510.01.0ROB: A: confounding, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Controls unexposed, sick) (Topiramate) (Epilepsy; 2: Topiramate) (Controls unexposed, sick) (Epilepsy; 3: Topiramate) (Controls unexposed, sick;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 2.44[1.27; 4.72]131,2500%NAStraub (Controls unexposed, sick) (Topiramate) (Epilepsy), 2026 Madley-Dowd_UK (Topiramate) (Controls unexposed, sick) (Epilepsy), 2024 Bjørk (Topiramate) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2022 3 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 2.44[1.27; 4.72]131,2500%NAStraub (Controls unexposed, sick) (Topiramate) (Epilepsy), 2026 Madley-Dowd_UK (Topiramate) (Controls unexposed, sick) (Epilepsy), 2024 Bjørk (Topiramate) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2022 3 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 3.54[0.21; 60.51]1343 -NAMadley-Dowd_UK (Topiramate) (Controls unexposed, sick) (Epilepsy), 2024 1   - Yes  - Yes 2.36[1.05; 5.32]-1,20730%NAStraub (Controls unexposed, sick) (Topiramate) (Epilepsy), 2026 Bjørk (Topiramate) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2022 2 All studiesAll studies 2.44[1.27; 4.72]131,2500%NAStraub (Controls unexposed, sick) (Topiramate) (Epilepsy), 2026 Madley-Dowd_UK (Topiramate) (Controls unexposed, sick) (Epilepsy), 2024 Bjørk (Topiramate) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2022 30.510.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 2.44[1.27; 4.72]1601,2500%NAStraub (Controls unexposed, sick) (Topiramate) (Epilepsy), 2026 Madley-Dowd_UK (Topiramate) (Controls unexposed, sick) (Epilepsy), 2024 Bjørk (Topiramate) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2022 30.510.01.0